Effect of fish scale ointment on diabetic foot ulcer by inducing ferroptosis via the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 pathway

Table 1 Comparison of wound healing rate

Group	Wound healing rate (%)
	Day 7	Day 14
Control (n = 5)	45.58 ± 5.83	82.76 ± 3.06
Model (n = 5)	18.32 ± 1.62a	24.54 ± 3.09a
FSC (n = 5)	39.08 ± 5.63a,b	69.08 ± 3.48a,b
Control + Lip-1 (n = 5)	44.94 ± 2.74	79.64 ± 4.59
Model + Lip-1 (n = 5)	35.46 ± 3.04a,b	64.92 ± 5.82a,b
FSC + Lip-1 (n = 5)	42.54 ± 5.21b,c	73.94 ± 3.27a,b,c
F	27.84	140.2
P value	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

^aP < 0.05 vs control.

^bP < 0.05 vs model.

^cP < 0.05 vs fish scale collagen.

FSC: Fish scale collagen; Lip-1: Liproxstatin-1.

Table 2 Comparison of the number of new blood vessels in rat wound tissue

Group	Number of new blood vessels
Control (n = 5)	22.60 ± 1.14
Model (n = 5)	6.20 ± 0.84a
FSC (n = 5)	18.60 ± 2.07a,b
Control + Lip-1 (n = 5)	22.40 ± 2.30
Model + Lip-1 (n = 5)	16.60 ± 2.07a,b
FSC + Lip-1 (n = 5)	20.80 ± 1.30a,b,c
F	64.71
P value	< 0.0001

^aP < 0.05 vs control.

^bP < 0.05 vs model.

^cP < 0.05 vs fish scale collagen.

FSC: Fish scale collagen; Lip-1: Liproxstatin-1.

Table 3 Comparison of basic fibroblast growth factor and CD31 expression in rat wound tissue

Group	Positive rate of bFGF (%)	Positive rate of CD31 (%)
Control (n = 5)	30.40 ± 3.50	21.78 ± 1.15
Model (n = 5)	12.88 ± 0.97a	8.92 ± 0.64a
FSC (n = 5)	23.88 ± 4.18a,b	15.38 ± 1.18a,b
Control + Lip-1 (n = 5)	29.56 ± 2.26	20.30 ± 0.76
Model + Lip-1 (n = 5)	20.66 ± 3.63a,b	13.50 ± 1.18a,b
FSC + Lip-1 (n = 5)	26.76 ± 1.70b,c	17.44 ± 0.96a,b,c
F	24.81	110.3
P value	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

^aP < 0.05 vs control.

^bP < 0.05 vs model.

^cP < 0.05 vs fish scale collage.

FSC: Fish scale collagen; bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor; Lip-1: Liproxstatin-1.

Table 4 Comparison of ferroptosis-related indexes in rat wound tissue

Group	Iron ion (μg/g)	MDA (mmol/g)	GSH (μmol/g)
Control (n = 5)	0.04 ± 0.01	3.10 ± 0.28	4.15 ± 0.36
Model (n = 5)	0.27 ± 0.01a	6.95 ± 0.31a	2.00 ± 0.08a
FSC (n = 5)	0.16 ± 0.02a,b	4.80 ± 0.22a,b	2.84 ± 0.22a,b
Control + Lip-1 (n = 5)	0.04 ± 0.02	2.99 ± 0.13	3.94 ± 0.09
Model + Lip-1 (n = 5)	0.20 ± 0.03a,b	5.08 ± 0.09a,b	2.66 ± 0.12a,b
FSC + Lip-1 (n = 5)	0.07 ± 0.02a,b,c	4.09 ± 0.07a,b,c	3.10 ± 0.14a,b,c
F	118.0	253.4	88.36
P value	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

^aP < 0.05 vs control.

^bP < 0.05 vs model.

^cP < 0.05 vs fish scale collagen.

MDA: Malondialdehyde; GSH: Glutathione; FSC: Fish scale collagen; Lip-1: Liproxstatin-1.