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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Dec 15, 2025; 16(12): 111789
Published online Dec 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.111789
Published online Dec 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.111789
Effect of fish scale ointment on diabetic foot ulcer by inducing ferroptosis via the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 pathway
Lin Li, The First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
Lin Li, Xiao-Na Liu, Shuang Guo, Yan-Ling Ju, Lan-Yue Guo, Jin-Jun Wang, Department of Vascular Surgery Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
Chun-Hua Zhang, Department of Vascular Surgery, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao 276826, Shandong Province, China
Author contributions: Li L and Wang JJ proposed the overall research goal and designed the research plan and model design; Li L, Liu XN, Guo S, Ju YL, and Guo LY conducted feasibility analysis, review, and supervision of the experiment; Li L, Zhang CH, and Wang JJ were responsible for the review, revision, and quality control of the paper; Li L conducted statistical processing and analysis of the data and responsible for writing the first draft of the paper; all authors determined the final draft of the paper.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82172095; and Qingdao Municipal Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project, No. 2022-zyym03.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hiser Hospital), No. HCH-AEC-024.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: All procedures involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care, Ethics, and Use Committees of Medical College of Qingdao University (No. QDU-AEC-2023175).
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The authors have read the ARRIVE guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE guidelines.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jin-Jun Wang, MD, Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), No. 4 Renmin Road, Shibei District, Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China.
Received: July 15, 2025
Revised: September 10, 2025
Accepted: November 12, 2025
Published online: December 15, 2025
Processing time: 152 Days and 23.1 Hours
Revised: September 10, 2025
Accepted: November 12, 2025
Published online: December 15, 2025
Processing time: 152 Days and 23.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Fish scale ointment accelerates necrotic cell shedding during wound healing, promotes capillary formation, enhances fibrous tissue and epidermal regeneration, facilitates wound repair, and exhibits anti-infective properties. This study selected the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling pathway as the target for observation. From the perspective of ferroptosis regulation, it investigated the mechanism by which fish scale ointment promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing in rat models.