In vitro and clinical evaluation of platelet-rich plasma combined with angioplasty in diabetic foot treatment

Table 1 Patient characteristics in each group, n (%)

Characteristics	Endovascular angioplasty (n = 105)	PRP + endovascular angioplasty (n = 103)	P value
Males	63 (60)	61 (59.2)	0.73
Age, mean ± SD (years)	75.37 ± 8.37	74.54 ± 8.27	0.19
Smoking	34 (32.3)	32 (31.1)	0.90
Renal failure, n	0	0
Hypertension	76 (72.3)	74 (71.8)	0.96
Hypercholesterolaemia	49 (46.7)	51 (50)	0.91
Rutherford classification			0.98
5	93 (88.5)	91 (88.3)
6	12 (11.5)	12 (12.7)
Wagner classification			0.93
1	1 (1)	2 (1.9)
2	45 (43.9)	46 (44.7)
3	40 (37.7)	32 (31.1)
4	17 (16.2)	19 (18.4)
5	2 (1.9)	4 (3.9)
Skin temperature			0.19
0	1 (1)	2 (1.9)
1	26 (24.8)	25 (24.3)
2	56 (53.3)	60 (58.3)
3	22 (20.9)	18 (17.5)
Ankle-Brachial index, mean ± SD	0.67 ± 0.14	0.65 ± 0.11	0.68
Vascular occlusion evaluation			0.82
1	29 (27.6)	32 (31.1)
2	65 (61.9)	58 (56.3)
3	11 (10.5)	13 (12.6)
Ulcer healing area, mean ± SD (cm2)	12.85 ± 1.97	12.56 ± 2.02	0.23

Normality assumptions were tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test. PRP: Platelet-rich plasma.

Table 2 Outcomes of patients between two groups after one month, n (%)

Characteristics	Endovascular angioplasty (n = 105)	PRP + endovascular angioplasty (n = 103)	P value
Rutherford classification			< 0.05
1	0 (0)	4 (3.9)
2	2 (1.9)	1 (1.0)
3	13 (12.4)	17 (16.5)
4	21 (20)	36 (34.9)
5	65 (61.9)	45 (43.7)
6	4 (3.8)	0 (0)
Wagner classification			< 0.05
0	9 (8.6)	32 (31.1)
1	5 (4.8)	31 (30.1)
2	33 (31.4)	26 (25.2)
3	32 (30.5)	9 (8.7)
4	18 (17.1)	2 (1.9)
5	8 (7.6)	0 (0)
Skin temperature			< 0.05
0	1 (1)	0 (0)
1	19 (18.1)	12 (11.6)
2	46 (43.8)	30 (29.1)
3	38 (36.2)	57 (55.3)
4	1 (1)	4 (3.9)
Ankle-Brachial index, mean ± SD	0.81 ± 0.12	0.83 ± 0.09	< 0.05
Ulcer healing area, mean ± SD (cm2)	3.95 ± 0.98	10.83 ± 1.61	< 0.05

Normality assumptions were tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test. PRP: Platelet-rich plasma.

Table 3 Outcomes of patients between two groups after 6 months, n (%)

Characteristics	Endovascular angioplasty (n = 105)	PRP + endovascular angioplasty (n = 103)	P value
Rutherford classification			< 0.05
1	3 (0)	24 (23.3)
2	2 (1.9)	25 (24.3)
3	18 (12.4)	26 (25.2)
4	4 (20)	17 (16.5)
5	78 (61.9)	11 (10.7)
6	0 (3.8)	0 (0)
Wagner classification			< 0.05
0	28 (26.7)	92 (89.3)
1	28 (26.7)	10 (9.7)
2	38 (36.2)	1 (1)
3	11 (10.5)	0 (0)
4	0 (0)	0 (0)
5	0 (0)	0 (0)
Skin temperature			< 0.05
0	1 (1)	0 (0)
1	23 (21.9)	15 (14.6)
2	49 (46.7)	33 (32)
3	32 (30.5)	49 (47.6)
4	0 (0)	6 (5.8)
Ankle-Brachial index, mean ± SD	0.68 ± 0.11	0.79 ± 0.08	< 0.05
Vascular occlusion evaluation			0.76
1	59 (56.2)	60 (58.3)
2	46 (43.8)	43 (41.7)
3	0 (0)	0 (0)
Ulcer healing area, mean ± SD (cm2)	5.95 ± 0.98	12.13 ± 1.01	< 0.05
Ulcer healing rate (%)	54.3	80.6	< 0.05

Normality assumptions were tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test. PRP: Platelet-rich plasma.

Table 4 Outcomes of patients between two groups after 12 months, n (%)

Characteristics	Endovascular angioplasty (n = 105)	PRP + endovascular angioplasty (n = 103)	P value
Rutherford classification			< 0.05
1	20 (19.0)	22 (21.3)
2	17 (16.2)	33 (32.0)
3	20 (19.0)	29 (28.2)
4	32 (30.6)	19 (18.5)
5	16 (15.2)	0 (0)
6	0 (0)	0 (0)
Wagner classification			< 0.05
0	89 (84.8)	103 (100)
1	11 (10.5)	0 (0)
2	5 (4.7)	0 (0)
3	0 (0)	0 (0)
4	0 (0)	0 (0)
5	0 (0)	0 (0)
Skin temperature			< 0.05
0	0 (0)	0 (0)
1	14 (21.9)	11 (14.6)
2	56 (46.7)	15 (32)
3	28 (30.5)	58 (47.6)
4	5 (0)	19 (5.8)
Ankle-Brachial index, mean ± SD	0.61 ± 0.05	0.75 ± 0.07	< 0.05
Vascular occlusion evaluation			0.07
1	10 (9.5)	21 (20.4)
2	82 (78.1)	73 (70.9)
3	13 (12.4)	9 (8.7)
Ulcer healing area, mean ± SD (cm2)	8.68 ± 0.18	14.95 ± 0.16	< 0.05
Ulcer healing rate (%)	61.9	88.3	< 0.05

Normality assumptions were tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test. PRP: Platelet-rich plasma.