Environment and diabetes: Is there an association between the COVID-19 pandemic and phenotypic variation in diabetes?

Figure 1 Age-related incidence per 100000 inhabitants of exemption for diabetes in 2018-2019 (reference cohort, white bars) and 2020-2021 (pandemic cohort, black bars) among men and women in Lombardy. Inset: Rate ratio and 95% confidence interval for pandemic vs control cohort across age quartiles.

Figure 2 Rate ratio and 95% confidence interval in diabetic men and women diagnosed in 2020-2021 (pandemic cohort) compared with the reference cohort (2018-2019) for concomitant exemption for hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular risk factors and for patients on cardiovascular drugs. Dashed line represents equal rates (= 1). CV: Cardiovascular.

Figure 3 Percentage of diabetic men and women with exemption for cardiovascular risk factors according to age in 2018-2019 (reference cohort, white bars) and 2020-2021 (pandemic cohort, black bars). Inset: Rate ratio and 95% confidence interval for pandemic vs control cohort across age quartiles. CV: Cardiovascular.