©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2021; 12(10): 1622-1654
Published online Oct 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1622
Published online Oct 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1622
Estrogens and the regulation of glucose metabolism
Marià Alemany, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
Author contributions: Alemany M is the only author.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The Author declares no conflict of interests for this article.
Corresponding author: Marià Alemany, PhD, Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain.
Received: January 22, 2021
Peer-review started: January 22, 2021
First decision: March 1, 2021
Revised: March 10, 2021
Accepted: April 14, 2021
Article in press: April 14, 2021
Published online: October 15, 2021
Processing time: 263 Days and 17 Hours
Peer-review started: January 22, 2021
First decision: March 1, 2021
Revised: March 10, 2021
Accepted: April 14, 2021
Article in press: April 14, 2021
Published online: October 15, 2021
Processing time: 263 Days and 17 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Estrogens play a paramount and continued regulatory role, based on the synergy between the different forms of estrogen to maintain energy (and lipid/glucose) homeostasis. These functions include preventing: oxidative damage, lipid-induced inflammation, excess fat accrual and the complications of excess amino nitrogen. This short incomplete list is fairly close to a recipe for preventing the development of metabolic syndrome; abundant epidemiological and (partial) experimental data help support this assertion. We have to look more widely at estrogens (the different structural-functional types described in the text) to understand their extensive and powerful control of energy homeostasis.