Serum bile acid and unsaturated fatty acid profiles of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients

doi:10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.898

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 15, Issue 5

This Article

Peer-Review Report of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Supplementary Materials of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (5672)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, HTML series, Figures (1-5) series, Tables (1-3) series.

Item

Count

PDF

141

HTML

2021

Figures (1-5)

450

Tables (1-3)

414

Sum=3026

Featured Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

246

Download

1182

Sum=1428

Publishing Process of This Article

Item

Count

Browse

115

Download

891

Sum=1006

May 15, 2024 (publication date) through Mar 10, 2026

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (6)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Diabetes

ISSN

1948-9358

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Diabetes. May 15, 2024; 15(5): 898-913
Published online May 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.898

Serum bile acid and unsaturated fatty acid profiles of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients

Su-Su Feng, Si-Jing Wang, Lin Guo, Pan-Pan Ma, Xiao-Long Ye, Ming-Lin Pan, Bo Hang, Jian-Hua Mao, Antoine M Snijders, Yi-Bing Lu, Da-Fa Ding

Su-Su Feng, Si-Jing Wang, Lin Guo, Pan-Pan Ma, Xiao-Long Ye, Ming-Lin Pan, Yi-Bing Lu, Da-Fa Ding, Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China

Bo Hang, Jian-Hua Mao, Antoine M Snijders, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States

Co-first authors: Su-Su Feng and Si-Jing Wang.

Co-corresponding authors: Da-Fa Ding and Yi-Bing Lu.

Author contributions: Feng SS, Wang SJ, Lu YB, and Ding DF conceived, designed and refined the study protocol; Pan ML, Ye XL, Lu YB, and Ding DF recruited patients; Feng SS, Wang SJ, Guo L, and Ma PP collected the data and processed the samples; Feng SS, Wang SJ, and Snijders AM analyzed and interpreted the data; Hang B, Snijders AM, and Mao JH reviewed the statistical methods of this study; Feng SS and Wang SJ drafted the manuscript; and all authors read and approved the final manuscript; Feng SS and Wang SJ contributed equally to this work as co-first authors; Ding DF and Lu YB contributed equally to this work as co-corresponding authors. The reasons for designating Ding DF and Lu YB as co-corresponding authors are threefold. First, the research presented in our manuscript is the result of a concerted collaborative effort involving a team of researchers with diverse expertise. The designation of co-corresponding authors is essential to accurately reflect the shared responsibilities and contributions of all team members. This approach ensures a fair representation of the collective efforts invested in the research project. Second, our research team encompasses individuals with varied backgrounds and expertise, contributing to a comprehensive and nuanced exploration of the research topic. By appointing co-corresponding authors, we aim to acknowledge and highlight the diversity of skills and perspectives brought to the study. Third, throughout the entirety of the research process, Ding DF and Lu YB have made substantial and equal contributions to the manuscript. Recognizing their co-equal roles through the designation of co-corresponding authors is not only an acknowledgment of their individual efforts but also a testament to the collaborative spirit that defines our research. In summary, we believe that designating Ding DF and Lu YB as co-corresponding authors of is fitting for our manuscript as it accurately reflects our team's collaborative spirit, diversity of expertise, and equal contributions.

Supported by the Scientific Research Projects of Jiangsu Provincial Health and Health Commission, No. ZDB2020034 and No. M2021056.

Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (approval No. 2023-KY-155-01).

Informed consent statement: Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of this study.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Data sharing statement: The datasets used in this study can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.

Corresponding author: Da-Fa Ding, PhD, Associate Chief Physician, Associate Professor, Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China. dingdafa@njmu.edu.cn

Received: January 4, 2024
Peer-review started: January 4, 2024
First decision: January 17, 2024
Revised: January 29, 2024
Accepted: March 14, 2024
Article in press: March 14, 2024
Published online: May 15, 2024
Processing time: 126 Days and 20 Hours

ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS

Research background

Previous studies revealed that impaired metabolism of serum bile acid (BA) and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) are associated with the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the BA and UFA profiles and their alterations associated with the risk of developing Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain unknown.

Research motivation

This study aims to delineate the differences in BA and UFA profiles between T2DM patients with and without NAFLD, seeking to elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD in the context of T2DM.

Research objectives

To identify distinct metabolite biomarkers within BA and UFA profiles that are associated with NAFLD risk in individuals with T2DM.

Research methods

A training model, consisting of 399 participants (113 healthy controls, 134 T2DM without NAFLD, and 152 T2DM with NAFLD), was established alongside an external validation model comprising 172 participants. NAFLD patients were stratified based on liver fibrosis scores. Fasting venous blood samples were collected from all subjects for the analysis of BA and UFA profiles, utilizing liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

Research results

Both T2DM and NAFLD groups exhibited lower levels of certain BAs compared to healthy controls. Certain UFAs demonstrated a positive correlation with NAFLD risk in T2DM. Levels of α-linolenic acid and γ-linolenic acid were associated with significant liver fibrosis in NAFLD, and validation confirmed their predictive power for NAFLD risk in T2DM patients.

Research conclusions

Our findings reveal significant differences in serum BA and UFA profiles in T2DM patients with NAFLD compared to those without, suggesting a potential role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Research perspectives

To unravel the intricate interplay between NAFLD and T2DM, future research endeavors should encompass larger sample sizes and incorporate prospective studies or animal experiments, particularly focusing on the pathophysiological conditions influencing BA and UFA metabolism.