Identification of hub genes associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot bioinformatics study

doi:10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.170

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Clinical and Translational Research

World J Diabetes. Feb 15, 2024; 15(2): 170-185
Published online Feb 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.170

Identification of hub genes associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot bioinformatics study

Han Chen, Guo-Xin Zhang, Xiao-Ying Zhou

Han Chen, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu Province, China

Guo-Xin Zhang, Xiao-Ying Zhou, Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China

Co-corresponding authors: Guo-Xin Zhang and Xiao-Ying Zhou.

Author contributions: Zhou XY and Zhang GX concepted and designed the research study; Chen H and Zhou X developed methodology; Chen H acquired the data; Zhou XY analyzed and interpretated the data; Chen H wrote the first version of the manuscript; Zhang GX and Zhou XY revised the manuscript; all authors were involved in the critical review of the results and have contributed to, read, and approved the final manuscript. Zhou XY and Zhang GX contributed equally to this work as co-corresponding authors. The reasons for designating Zhou XY and Zhang GX as co-corresponding authors are threefold. First, the research was performed as a collaborative effort, and the designation of co-corresponding authorship accurately reflects the distribution of responsibilities and burdens associated with the time and effort required to complete the study and the resultant paper. This also ensures effective communication and management of post-submission matters, ultimately enhancing the paper's quality and reliability. Second, the overall research team encompassed authors with a variety of expertise and skills from different fields, and the designation of co-corresponding authors best reflects this diversity. This also promotes the most comprehensive and in-depth examination of the research topic, ultimately enriching readers' understanding by offering various expert perspectives. Third, Zhou XY and Zhang GX contributed to almost the same funding on this research. The choice of these researchers as co-corresponding authors acknowledges and respects this equal contribution, while recognizing the spirit of teamwork and collaboration of this study. In summary, we believe that designating Zhou XY and Zhang GX as co-corresponding authors of is fitting for our manuscript as it accurately reflects our team's collaborative spirit, equal contributions, and diversity.

Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82100594.

Institutional review board statement: The original data in this study were retrieved from the public GEO database with an open license for data use. This study was approved by the ethic committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Approval No. 2022-SR-406).

Informed consent statement: All study participants or their legal guardian provided informed written consent about personal and medical data collection prior to study enrollment.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Data sharing statement: The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Corresponding author: Xiao-Ying Zhou, MD, PhD, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China. zhouxiaoying0926@njmu.edu.cn

Received: September 21, 2023
Peer-review started: September 21, 2023
First decision: November 9, 2023
Revised: November 21, 2023
Accepted: December 27, 2023
Article in press: December 27, 2023
Published online: February 15, 2024
Processing time: 135 Days and 20 Hours

ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS

Research background

This prevalence rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is high, especially in less developed countries. Its infection related to not only gastric diseases but also extragastric diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the underlying mechanisms connecting H. pylori infection and T2DM remains unclear.

Research motivation

The potential molecular connections between H. pylori infection and T2DM are needed to be identified, in order to further elucidate the pathogenesis and the new treatment strategy of H. pylori-infected T2DM.

Research objectives

We aimed to explore the potential molecular connections between H. pylori infection and T2DM using bioinformatics analysis. In the future research, we will investigating these identified genes and downstream signaling pathway to further understand their relationship.

Research methods

Differentially expressed genes from three datasets commonly present in patients with H. pylori infection and T2DM were identified. Hub genes were validated by RT-qPCR using human gastric biopsy samples. Correlations between hub genes and immune cell infiltration, miRNAs, and transcription factors were further analyzed.

Research results

This is the first study to identify the key genes and pathways associated with H. pylori infection and T2DM using integrated bioinformatics analysis. We identified five hub genes, all of which were closely related to immune cell infiltration.

Research conclusions

We were the first to find out that the 5 hub genes identified are playing important roles in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-infected T2DM.

Research perspectives

It is necessary to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms involved in these findings in future large-scale prospective studies.