Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2017; 8(7): 351-357
Published online Jul 15, 2017. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i7.351
Type 2 diabetes in a Senegalese rural area
Priscilla Duboz, Gilles Boëtsch, Lamine Gueye, Enguerran Macia
Priscilla Duboz, UMI 3189 Environnement, Santé, Sociétés, CNRS/Université Cheikh Anta Diop/Université Gaston Berger/USTTB/CNRST, International Human-Environment Observatory Tessekere, Faculté de Médecine de Dakar, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
Gilles Boëtsch, Lamine Gueye, Enguerran Macia, UMI 3189 Environnement, Santé, Sociétés, CNRS/Université Cheikh Anta Diop/Université Gaston Berger/USTTB/CNRST, Faculté de Médecine de Dakar, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
Author contributions: Duboz P and Macia E designed the study; Duboz P wrote the analysis plan, conducted the literature review and analysis, and wrote the first draft manuscript; Boëtsch G, Gueye L and Macia E reviewed the draft manuscript, provided critical comments and suggested additional analyses; Duboz P finalized the manuscript, which was subsequently approved by all authors.
Supported by The French National Center of Scientific Research, Nos. CNRS, PEPS, ECOSAN, INEE.
Institutional review board statement: Ethic approval was provided by the Comité National d’Ethique pour la Recherche en Santé (Protocole SEN 13/67).
Informed consent statement: All patients gave informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: Data used in the present study were data files belonging to the CNRS. Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at priscilla.duboz@gmail.com. The data presented have been anonymized and risk of identification is low.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Priscilla Duboz, PhD, UMI 3189 Environnement, Santé, Sociétés, CNRS/Université Cheikh Anta Diop/Université Gaston Berger/USTTB/CNRST, International Human-Environment Observatory Tessekere, Faculté de Médecine de Dakar, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal. priscilla.duboz@gmail.com
Telephone: +33-77-3107777
Received: September 12, 2016
Peer-review started: September 14, 2016
First decision: November 14, 2016
Revised: December 16, 2016
Accepted: January 16, 2017
Article in press: January 18, 2017
Published online: July 15, 2017
Processing time: 293 Days and 7 Hours
Abstract
AIM

To estimate the prevalence of diabetes in the rural population of Tessekere (Senegal) and investigate associated risk factors.

METHODS

Data from a 2015 survey of 500 individuals age 20 and over representative of the population of the municipality of Tessekere were used. Sociodemographic characteristics, health related variables, capillary whole blood glucose, and weight and height measurements of individuals were collected during face-to-face interviews. Statistical analyses used were bivariate tests and binary logistic regressions.

RESULTS

The percentage of individuals having impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is 6.6%. Those with fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels ≥ 126 mg/dL and/or currently being treated for diabetes is 4.2%. Only mean body mass index (BMI) is significantly higher among diabetic individuals and among those having FBG levels ≥ 110 mg/dL. After adjustment for sex, age, educational level, BMI and hypertension, only BMI is associated with diabetes.

CONCLUSION

Prevalence of diabetes and IFG in our study correspond to the high range of rural sub-Saharan Africa prevalence. Diabetes is thus becoming a pressing public health concern, even in rural areas. But the risk factors identified in Tessekere suggest that the diabetes epidemic is still in the early stages, such that concerted action would make it possible to contain the devastating impact of this chronic condition.

Keywords: Anthropology; Epidemiology; Sub-Saharan Africa; Diabetes

Core tip: Our study is one of the first, to our knowledge, to estimate the prevalence of diabetes in a rural Senegalese area. In the Tessekere municipality, diabetes prevalence is 4.2%, and that of impaired fasting glucose is 6.6%, corresponding to the high range of prevalence observed in rural sub-Saharan Africa. In our population study, emerging risk factors such as depression and material well-being (identified mainly in developed countries) are not associated with diabetes, indicating that this epidemic is in the early stages in this region.