Review
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World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2014; 5(5): 659-665
Published online Oct 15, 2014. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i5.659
Acute effects of physical exercise in type 2 diabetes: A review
Ricardo Yukio Asano, Marcelo Magalhães Sales, Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne, José Fernando Vila Nova Moraes, Hélio José Coelho Júnior, Milton Rocha Moraes, Herbert Gustavo Simões
Ricardo Yukio Asano, Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Center of Health Sciences, Mogi das Cruzes 08770-490, Brazil
Marcelo Magalhães Sales, Milton Rocha Moraes, Hebert Gustavo Simões, Universidade Católica de Brasília, School of Physical Education, Brasília 72030-170, Brazil
Marcelo Magalhães Sales, UDF-Centro Universitário, School Health, Brasilia 70390-045, Brazil
Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Center of Health Sciences, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
José Fernando Vila Nova Moraes, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, School of Physical Education, Petrolina 56304205, Brazil
Hélio José Coelho Júnior, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, School of Physical Education, Campinas 130883-851, Brazil
Author contributions: All authors contributed in all phases of the study: search articles, literature review, writing and reviewing of the manuscript.
Supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Correspondence to: Ricardo Yukio Asano, PhD, Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Center of Health Sciences, 200 Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza Avenue, Mogi das Cruzes 08770-490, Brazil. ricardokiu@ig.com.br
Telephone: +55-11-970115500 Fax: +55-11-40331129
Received: June 10, 2014
Revised: July 9, 2014
Accepted: July 25, 2014
Published online: October 15, 2014
Processing time: 68 Days and 11.5 Hours
Abstract

The literature has shown the efficiency of exercise in the control of type 2 diabetes (T2D), being suggested as one of the best kinds of non-pharmacological treatments for its population. Thus, the scientific production related to this phenomenon has growing exponentially. However, despite its advances, still there is a lack of studies that have carried out a review on the acute effects of physical exercise on metabolic and hemodynamic markers and possible control mechanisms of these indicators in individuals with T2D, not to mention that in a related way, these themes have been very little studied today. Therefore, the aim of this study was to organize and analyze the current scientific production about the acute effects of physical exercise on metabolic and hemodynamic markers and possible control mechanisms of these indicators in T2D individuals. For such, a research with the following keywords was performed: -exercise; diabetes and post-exercise hypotension; diabetes and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption; diabetes and acute effects in PUBMED, SCIELO and HIGHWIRE databases. From the analyzed studies, it is possible to conclude that, a single exercise session can promote an increase in the bioavailability of nitric oxide and elicit decreases in postexercise blood pressure. Furthermore, the metabolic stress from physical exercise can increase the oxidation of carbohydrate during the exercise and keep it, in high levels, the post exercise consumption of O², this phenomenon increases the rate of fat oxidation during recovery periods after exercise, improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and reduces glycemia between 2-72 h, which seems to be dependent on the exercise intensity and duration of the effort.

Keywords: Metabolic diseases; Hypertension; Nitric oxide; Blood glucose; Oxygen consumption

Core tip: Physical exercise is one of the best kinds of non-pharmacological treatments to prevent and control type 2 diabetes (T2D), being recommended by important medical associations, such as American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association. In the literature, studies about the effects of a single exercise session on the population, its changes in blood pressure, glycemia, carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, increase in nitric oxide and others are increasing exponentially. In this review, we report the most recent and important findings in the literature about the effects of acute exercise in T2D.