Glycemic control and determinants among type 2 diabetes mellitus in a regional hospital in South West Region, Cameroon

doi:10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.109233

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 16, Issue 12

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (0)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, HTML series, Figures (1-1) series, Tables (1-4) series.

Item

Count

PDF

HTML

Figures (1-1)

Tables (1-4)

Sum=55

Publishing Process of This Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

Download

Sum=1

Dec 15, 2025 (publication date) through Dec 15, 2025

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (0)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Diabetes

ISSN

1948-9358

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

World J Diabetes. Dec 15, 2025; 16(12): 109233
Published online Dec 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.109233

Glycemic control and determinants among type 2 diabetes mellitus in a regional hospital in South West Region, Cameroon

Chugbe N Sawah, Ebot W Ojong, Njeodo N Vigny, Moses N Ngemenya

Chugbe N Sawah, Ebot W Ojong, Njeodo N Vigny, Moses N Ngemenya, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Buea, Buea 00000, South-West, Cameroon

Chugbe N Sawah, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Maflekumen Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Tiko 00000, South-West, Cameroon

Njeodo N Vigny, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Institute Universitaire de la Côte, Douala 00000, Littoral, Cameroon

Author contributions: Sawah CN and Vigny NN analyzed the data; Ngemenya MN, Sawah CN, and Ojong EW conceived and designed the study; all authors participated in the collection and entry of data, drafted the manuscript, reviewed, edited, and approved the final copy of the manuscript.

Institutional review board statement: The Institutional Review Board, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon approved this study, No. 2022/1671-02/UB/SG/IRB/FHS. In addition, the Regional Delegation of Public Health for South West Region, Cameroon, No. R11/MINSANTE/SWR/RDPH/PS/254/259 and the director of Limbe Regional Hospital, No. 40/MPH/SWR/RHL/DO/03/2022 provided authorization to collect patient data.

Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants prior to recruitment into the study.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.

Data sharing statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Chugbe N Sawah, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Buea, PO BOX 63, Buea 00000, South-West, Cameroon. mbatetete@gmail.com

Received: May 8, 2025
Revised: July 27, 2025
Accepted: November 21, 2025
Published online: December 15, 2025
Processing time: 221 Days and 8.4 Hours

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The global prevalence of diabetes among adults aged 29-79 years was found to be 10.5%. It is a global public health threat with a rising trend in morbidity and mortality. Poor glycemic control (GC) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major determinant of diabetes-related complications. There are limited data on GC and associated factors among patients with T2DM in South West Region, Cameroon.

AIM

To assess GC and identify contributing factors among patients with T2DM in a regional hospital in South West Region, Cameroon.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to July 2022 among 131 participants in Limbe Regional Hospital who were selected by convenience. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by ion-exchange chromatography. Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle data were collected, entered into Excel, and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 for analysis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between explanatory variables and GC. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS

The mean age was 56 ± 5.1 years. Eighty-eight (67.2%) patients were female. The mean HbA1c was 8.8% ± 1.8%. Poor GC (HbA1c ≥ 7%) was registered in 106 (80.9%; 95% confidence interval: 73.1%-87.3%) participants. Lack of self-monitoring of blood glucose at home was associated with poor GC (adjusted odds ratio: 3.858, 95% confidence interval: 1.262-11.800; P = 0.018).

CONCLUSION

The majority of patients with T2DM had poor GC. Absence of self-monitoring of blood glucose at home was the main contributing factor for poor GC.

Keywords: Glycemic control; Determinants; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Regional hospital; South West Region, Cameroon

Core Tip: Data on glycemic control (GC) in developing countries, particularly South West Region, Cameroon, are scarce. GC was assessed by measuring glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose recommended for settings limited in resources. Poor GC was recorded in more than half of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The findings from this study support clinical practice guidelines recommending the reinforcement of self-monitoring of blood glucose to avoid or lessen the complications of suboptimal GC. Future case-control and longitudinal studies are needed.