Retrospective Cohort Study
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World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2022; 13(7): 521-531
Published online Jul 15, 2022. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i7.521
Association between urinary concentrations of bisphenol A substitutes and diabetes in adults
Rafael Moreno-Gómez-Toledano, Esperanza Vélez-Vélez, María I Arenas, Marta Saura, Ricardo J Bosch
Rafael Moreno-Gómez-Toledano, Marta Saura, Ricardo J Bosch, Universidad de Alcalá, Department of Biological Systems/Physiology Unit, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain
Esperanza Vélez-Vélez, Fundación Jiménez Díaz School of Nursing, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
María I Arenas, Universidad de Alcalá, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology,Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain
Marta Saura, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid 28034, Spain
Author contributions: Moreno-Gómez-Toledano R contributed to the conceptualization and writing of original draft; Moreno-Gómez-Toledano R, Vélez-Vélez E, Arenas MI, Saura M, and Bosch RJ contributed to the data curation, and manuscript writing, review, and editing; Moreno-Gómez-Toledano R and Vélez-Vélez E contributed to the formal analysis and methodology; Saura M and Bosch RJ contributed to the funding acquisition and project administration; Moreno-Gómez-Toledano R, Vélez-Vélez E, Arenas MI, Saura M, and Bosch RJ contributed to the investigation; all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, No. PI15/02139; and Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, No. B2017-BMD-3686.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved for publication by our Institutional Reviewer.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Rafael Moreno-Gómez-Toledano, PhD, Associate Research Scientist, Universidad de Alcalá, Department of Biological Systems/Physiology Unit, Campus Univer-sitario - C/19, Av. de Madrid, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain. rafael.moreno@uah.es
Received: March 11, 2022
Peer-review started: March 11, 2022
First decision: April 17, 2022
Revised: April 26, 2022
Accepted: June 22, 2022
Article in press: June 22, 2022
Published online: July 15, 2022
Processing time: 121 Days and 12.7 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Due to new restrictions on the use of bisphenol A (BPA), industries are beginning to replace it with derived molecules such as bisphenol S and F (BPS and BPF). There is extensive evidence in the academic literature on the potential health effects of BPA, which is known to be a diabetogenic molecule. However, there are few publications related to new compounds derived from BPA.

AIM

To perform an epidemiological study of urinary BPS and BPF in the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohort, and analyze their possible relationship with diabetes mellitus.

METHODS

NHANES datasets from 2013 to 2016 were used due to the urinary BPF and BPS availability. Data from 3658 adults were analyzed to perform regression analysis exploring the possible relationship between BPA-derived compounds and diabetes.

RESULTS

Descriptive statistics, linear regression modeling, and logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between urinary BPS, but not BPF, and diabetes risk. Additionally, a relationship was observed between both compounds and hypertension and a slight relationship between BPF and dyslipidemia.

CONCLUSION

In the present study, a strong relationship between urinary BPS, not BPF, and diabetes risk has been determined. BPA substitute molecules do not exempt the population from potential health risks.

Keywords: Bisphenol S; Bisphenol F; Diabetes mellitus; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Urine

Core Tip: Molecules derived from bisphenol A (increasing use in the plastic industry and the production of heat-sensitive tickets) could be related to pathologies such as diabetes (bisphenol S) and hypertension (bisphenol S and F).