Published online Oct 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1693
Peer-review started: January 24, 2021
First decision: April 6, 2021
Revised: April 20, 2021
Accepted: August 5, 2021
Article in press: August 5, 2021
Published online: October 15, 2021
Processing time: 262 Days and 5.6 Hours
The prevalence of diabetes has increased rapidly throughout the world in recent years. Currently, approximately 463 million people are living with diabetes, and the number has tripled over the last two decades. Here, we describe the global epidemiology of diabetes in 2019 and forecast the trends to 2030 and 2045 in China, India, USA, and the globally. The gut microbiota plays a major role in metabolic diseases, especially diabetes. In this review, we describe the interaction between diabetes and gut microbiota in three aspects: probiotics, antidiabetic medication, and diet. Recent findings indicate that probiotics, antidiabetic medications, or dietary interventions treat diabetes by shifting the gut microbiome, particularly by raising beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful bacteria. We conclude that targeting the gut microbiota is becoming a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes.
Core Tip: The current review describes the global epidemiology of diabetes in 2019 and forecasted the trends to 2030 and 2045 in China, India, USA, and globally. This review also summarizes the interaction between diabetes and the gut microbiota in three aspects: probiotics, antidiabetic medications, and diet.