Analysis of liver metastasis after resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Table 1 Recurrence patterns of patients with liver metastasis (n = 41)

Recurrence patterns	n (%)
Liver metastasis only	28 (68.3)
Mixed	13 (31.7)
+ locoregional	6 (14.6)
+ peritoneal seeding	4 (9.8)
+ locoregional + peritoneal seeding	1 (2.4)
+ locoregional + seeding + lung1 + bone2	1 (2.4)
+ lung1	1 (2.4)

¹Lung = lung metastasis;

²Bone = bone metastasis.

Table 2 Factors influencing liver metastasis after pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

	Liver metastasis (n = 41)	Non-liver metastasis (n = 60)	P-value
Location
Head	30	52	0.09
Body and tail	11	8
Size (cm)
< 3	23	45	0.04
≥ 3	18	15
Differentiation
Well, moderate	29	49	0.08
Poor	12	11
Perineural invasion
Yes	28	30	0.04
No	13	30
T-stage (AJCC, 6th)
1-2	1	5	0.21
3-4	40	55
N-stage
N0	23	24	0.13
N1	18	36
Resection margin
Positive	3	6	0.46
Negative	38	54
CA 19-9 (IU/mL)
< 37	4	20	0.001
≥ 37	28	20
Adjuvant CTx
Yes	14	26	0.41
No	27	34
Adjuvant RTx
Yes	16	29	0.32
No	25	31

CTx: Chemotherapy; RTx: Radiotherapy; AJCC: American Joint Cancer Committee; CA 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.

Table 3 Factors influencing liver metastasis after pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: multivariate analysis

	95% CI for Exp (B)
	P-value	Odds ratio	Lower	Upper
Size (> 3 cm)	0.046	1.416	0.176	0.986
CA 19-9	0.013	0.204	0.058	0.713
Perineural invasion	0.059	2.228	0.969	5.123

CA 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.

Table 4 Factors influencing liver metastasis after pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in patients without risk factors for liver metastasis

	Liver metastasis (n = 4)	Non-liver metastasis (n = 18)	P-value
Location
Head	3	15	0.49
Body and tail	1	3
Size (cm)
< 2	3	6	0.19
≥ 2	1	12
Differentiation
Clear, moderate	0	14	0.01
Poor	4	4
Perineural invasion
Yes	2	13	0.38
No	2	5
T-stage (AJCC, 6th)
1-2	0	2	0.23
3-4	4	16
N-stage
N0	4	11	0.19
N1	0	7
Resection margin
Positive	0	0	NA
Negative	4	18

NA: Not available; AJCC: American Joint Cancer Committee.