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Prospective Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jul 15, 2026; 18(7): 120724
Published online Jul 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.120724
Table 1 Patient demographics and clinical characteristics, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)
Variables
Overall (n = 958)
Training set (n = 671)
Validation set (n = 287)
P value
Age57.90 ± 11.4558.14 ± 11.2657.36 ± 11.870.333
Karnofsky performance status82.87 ± 9.1883.17 ± 8.6682.16 ± 10.290.120
Sex0.361
Male731 (76.30)506 (75.41)225 (78.40)
Female227 (23.70)165 (24.59)62 (21.60)
Hypertension0.698
No762 (79.54)531 (79.14)231 (80.49)
Yes196 (20.46)140 (20.86)56 (19.51)
Diabetes1.000
No805 (84.03)564 (84.05)241 (83.97)
Yes153 (15.97)107 (15.95)46 (16.03)
Body mass index0.289
18.5-23.9577 (60.23)395 (58.87)182 (63.41)
≥ 24316 (32.99)226 (33.68)90 (31.36)
< 18.565 (6.78)50 (7.45)15 (5.23)
Tumor node metastasis0.085
I-II227 (23.70)170 (25.34)57 (19.86)
III347 (36.22)230 (34.28)117 (40.77)
IV384 (40.08)271 (40.39)113 (39.37)
Radiotherapy0.340
No877 (91.54)610 (90.91)267 (93.03)
Yes81 (8.46)61 (9.09)20 (6.97)
Chemotherapy0.375
No609 (63.57)420 (62.59)189 (65.85)
Yes349 (36.43)251 (37.41)98 (34.15)
Surgery0.943
No307 (32.05)216 (32.19)91 (31.71)
Yes651 (67.95)455 (67.81)196 (68.29)
Immunotherapy0.112
No853 (89.04)605 (90.16)248 (86.41)
Yes105 (10.96)66 (9.84)39 (13.59)
Targeted0.347
No650 (67.85)462 (68.85)188 (65.51)
Yes308 (32.15)209 (31.15)99 (34.49)
White blood cell6.61 ± 3.196.54 ± 3.146.77 ± 3.280.311
LYM1.22 ± 0.501.20 ± 0.501.25 ± 0.520.142
Albumin38.73 ± 6.1338.96 ± 6.0838.20 ± 6.220.078
Globulin32.75 ± 6.7532.66 ± 6.6532.97 ± 6.990.519
Alpha-fetoprotein11.05 (3.20, 334.60)12.10 (3.24, 444.70)10.40 (3.16, 168.86)0.162
Lactic dehydrogenase293.78 ± 315.56294.11 ± 256.06292.99 ± 423.800.960
FIB3.33 ± 1.263.30 ± 1.233.41 ± 1.330.205
FIB degradation products2.50 (2.50, 5.97)2.50 (2.50, 5.80)2.70 (2.50, 7.05)0.441
β2-microglobulin3.10 ± 1.423.13 ± 1.483.03 ± 1.270.338
Neutrophil-to-LYM ratio3.50 (2.29, 5.30)3.45 (2.30, 5.32)3.58 (2.27, 5.20)0.965
Platelet-to-LYM ratio142.51 (97.36, 200.95)143.75 (94.25, 198.86)141.94 (102.54, 204.88)0.664


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