Clinical characteristics of programmed death-1 inhibitors for older patients with advanced pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients (n = 99), n (%)

Characteristic	Patients
Median age, years (range)	71.0 (65-84)
Age, years
< 75	70 (70.7)
≥ 75	29 (29.3)
Sex
Male	60 (60.6)
Female	39 (39.4)
ECOG PS
0-1	65 (65.7)
2	34 (34.3)
HBV infection
Positive	9 (9.1)
Negative	90 (90.9)
Primary pancreatic cancer
Head	46 (46.5)
Other	53 (53.5)
Number of lines of prior systemic therapy
0	70 (70.7)
1	29 (29.3)
Baseline serum CA199 levels (U/mL)
< 173.55	43 (43.4)
≥ 173.55	56 (56.6)
SII
< 531.575	49 (49.5)
≥ 531.575	50 (50.5)
NLR
< 2.1	38 (38.4)
≥ 2.1	61 (61.6)
PLR
< 217.91	74 (74.7)
≥ 217.91	25 (25.3)
PNI
< 45.6	54 (54.5)
≥ 45.6	45 (45.5)
HDL (mmol/L)
< 1.135	55 (55.6)
≥ 1.135	44 (44.4)
LDL (mmol/L)
< 2.26	52 (52.5)
≥ 2.26	47 (47.5)
TC (mmol/L)
< 4.045	56 (56.6)
≥ 4.045	43 (43.4)
TG (mmol/L)
< 1.315	55 (55.6)
≥ 1.315	44 (44.4)
With radiotherapy
Yes	24 (24.2)
No	75 (75.8)
With chemotherapy
Yes	79 (79.8)
No	20 (20.2)

ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of progression-free survival among patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma

Clinical variable	n	PFS univariate			PFS multivariate
		Median (months)	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Age, < 75 years	70	4.2	2.75-5.65	0.190
Sex, male	60	4.9	2.69-7.11	0.079
ECOG PS				< 0.001	0.268	0.124-0.582	0.001
0-1	65	8.6	6.32-10.88
2	34	1.7	1.24-2.16
HBV infection				0.698
Positive	9	5.1	3.64-6.56
Negative	90	5.5	3.77-7.23
Primary tumor location				0.030	1.380	0.810-2.351	0.236
Pancreatic head	46	4.5	3.02-5.98
Body & tail	53	6.0	3.97-8.03
Number of prior systemic therapy lines				0.033	0.763	0.579-1.006	0.055
0	70	6.3	4.63-7.98
1	29	2.6	1.37-3.83
Baseline serum CA199 levels (U/mL)				< 0.001	0.798	0.458-1.393	0.428
< 173.55	43	8.5	5.63-11.37
≥ 173.55	56	3.3	2.27-4.33
SII				0.001	0.682	0.321-1.452	0.321
< 531.575	49	8.5	6.14-10.86
≥ 531.575	50	3.3	1.84-4.76
NLR				< 0.001	0.714	0.312-1.634	0.425
< 2.1	38	8.6	6.16-11.04
≥ 2.1	61	3.3	2.01-4.59
PLR				0.076
< 217.91	74	6.3	5.07-7.53
≥ 217.91	25	4.0	3.18-4.82
PNI				< 0.001	2.988	1.633-5.469	< 0.001
< 45.6	54	3.3	2.01-4.59
≥ 45.6	45	8.5	6.00-11.00
HDL (mmol/L)				0.016	1.027	0.744-1.417	0.874
< 1.135	55	3.9	2.49-5.31
≥ 1.135	44	7.1	3.83-10.38
LDL (mmol/L)				0.559
< 2.26	52	4.9	2.48-7.32
≥ 2.26	47	5.5	3.29-7.71
TC (mmol/L)				0.472
< 4.045	56	4.5	2.77-6.23
≥ 4.045	43	6.3	4.96-7.64
TG (mmol/L)				< 0.001	0.343	0.167--0.706	0.004
< 1.315	55	8.5	6.08-10.92
≥ 1.315	44	2.1	1.36-2.84
With radiotherapy				0.019	0.941	0.489-1.810	0.855
Yes	24	7.1	4.07-10.13
No	75	4.0	2.79-5.21
With chemotherapy				0.123
Yes	79	6.0	4.80-7.20
No	20	1.9	1.02-2.78

ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; PFS: Progression-free survival.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival among patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma

Clinical variable	n	OS univariate			OS multivariate
		Median (months)	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Age, < 75 years	70	6.8	4.00-9.60	0.088
Sex, male	60	6.8	5.85-7.76	0.190
ECOG PS				< 0.001	0.229	0.115-0.454	< 0.001
0-1	65	11.0	7.43-14.57
2	34	2.6	1.31-3.89
HBV infection				0.241
Positive	9	9.0	2.23-15.77
Negative	90	7.5	5.67-9.33
Primary tumor location				0.018	1.776	0.988-3.191	0.055
Pancreatic head	46	6.8	4.03-9.57
Body & tail	53	8.6	3.89-13.31
Number of prior systemic therapy lines				0.148
0	70	8.6	6.02-11.18
1	29	6.0	3.68-8.32
Baseline serum CA199 levels (U/mL)				0.003	0.990	0.563-1.741	0.972
< 173.55	43	10.6	8.70-12.50
≥ 173.55	56	5.8	4.05-7.55
SII				0.001	0.502	0.237-1.063	0.072
< 531.575	49	10.4	8.69-12.11
≥ 531.575	50	4.5	2.56-6.45
NLR				< 0.001	0.548	0.238-1.264	0.158
< 2.1	38	10.6	5.14-16.07
≥ 2.1	61	5.1	2.90-7.30
PLR				0.170
< 217.91	74	9.0	6.36-11.64
≥ 217.91	25	6.8	5.50-8.10
PNI				< 0.001	2.715	1.476-4.994	0.001
< 45.6	54	5.1	2.87-7.33
≥ 45.6	45	10.4	9.20-11.60
HDL (mmol/L)				0.061
< 1.135	55	6.8	4.19-9.41
≥ 1.135	44	9.3	6.21-12.39
LDL (mmol/L)				0.616
< 2.26	52	8.3	3.93-12.67
≥ 2.26	47	8.2	5.94-10.46
TC (mmol/L)				0.546
< 4.045	56	6.8	2.75-10.85
≥ 4.045	43	9.0	7.13-10.87
TG (mmol/L)				< 0.001	0.138	0.066-0.288	< 0.001
< 1.315	55	11.5	7.36-15.64
≥ 1.315	44	3.3	2.00-4.60
With radiotherapy				0.012	0.777	0.418-1.446	0.426
Yes	24	11.0	6.37-15.63
No	75	6.8	4.88-8.72
With chemotherapy				0.070
Yes	79	9.0	7.16-10.84
No	20	2.6	0.00-5.45

ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; OS: Overall survival.