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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
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1948-5204
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jan 15, 2026; 18(1): 113816
Published online Jan 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i1.113816
Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis
Ref.
Study design
Age, years (T: C)
Sex (M/F, T: C)
Sample size (T: C)
Treatment group
Control group
Child-Pugh classification
Lee et al[15], 2024Retrospective cohort study63: 59120/17: 45/7137: 52RegorafenibNivolumabRegorafenib group: Child-Pugh B (24.1%); nivolumab group: Child-Pugh B (42.3%)
Adhoute et al[16], 2022Retrospective, multicenter68: 6853/5: 24/458: 28RegorafenibCabozantinibCombined A/B proportion approximately 24%-25%
Casadei-Gardini et al[19], 2021Retrospective studyNot reported222/46: 264/67278: 331RegorafenibCabozantinibNot reported
Iavarone et al[18], 2021Retrospective study60: 6127/9: 38/736: 45RegorafenibBSCNot reported
Kuo et al[17], 2021Retrospective study63.4 ± 10.7: 62.2 ± 10.144/14: 23/958: 32RegorafenibNivolumabNot reported
Choi et al[21], 2020Retrospective study58.5 ± 9.4: 56.9 ± 10.0202/21: 125/25223: 150RegorafenibNivolumabChild-Pugh A: 132 patients; Child-Pugh B: 71 patients
Lee et al[20], 2020Retrospective cohort study62: 6183/54: 39/9102: 48RegorafenibNivolumabNot reported
Finn et al[22], 2018RCT64: 62333/46: 171/23379: 194RegorafenibPlaceboChild-Pugh A only
Bruix et al[23], 2017RCT64: 62333/46: 171/23379: 194RegorafenibPlaceboChild-Pugh A only
RCT: Randomized controlled trial; T: Treatment group; C: Control group; M: Male; F: Female; BSC: Best supportive care.
Full Size Table
Table 2 The quality assessment according to Newcastle-Ottawa Scale of each retrospective study
Ref.
Representativeness of the exposed cohort
Selection of the non-exposed cohort
Ascertainment of exposure
Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study
Comparability of cohorts on the basis of the design or analysis
Assessment of outcome
Was follow-up long enough
Adequacy of follow up of cohorts
Total score
Lee et al[15], 2024★★★★★★★★8
Adhoute et al[16], 2022★★★★★★★★★9
Casadei-Gardini et al[19], 2021★★★★★★★★8
Iavarone et al[18], 2021★★★★★★★★8
Kuo et al[17], 2021★★★★★★★★★9
Choi et al[21], 2020★★★★★★★★★9
Lee et al[20], 2020★★★★★★★★8
Full Size Table
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