Correlation between sarcopenia diagnosed by C3SMI criteria and prognosis in esophageal cancer patients after radiotherapy

Table 1 Single factors influencing sarcopenia in esophageal cancer patients

General data		Sarcopenia (n = 53)	Non-sarcopenia (n = 78)	χ2/t	P value
Age, years	≥ 60	36	36	6.042	0.014
	< 60	17	42
Sex	Male	29	40	0.149	0.699
	Female	24	38
BMI (kg/m2)	≥ 24	35	37	4.411	0.036
	< 24	18	41
Hypertension	Presence	20	30	0.007	0.933
	Absence	33	48
Hyperlipidemia	Presence	28	30	2.641	0.104
	Absence	25	48
CHD	Presence	19	29	0.024	0.877
	Absence	34	49
DM	Presence	21	24	1.097	0.295
	Absence	32	54
Tumor type	Squamous carcinoma	24	25	2.360	0.125
	Adenocarcinoma	29	53
Differentiation degree	Poorly differentiated	22	31	0.041	0.840
	Moderately to well differentiated	31	47
AJCC clinical staging	Stages I-II	24	40	0.455	0.500
	Stages III-IV	29	38
Pathogenic site	Upper esophagus	19	25	0.477	0.788
	Middle esophagus	16	28
	Lower esophagus	18	25
Lymph node metastasis	Presence	21	23	1.453	0.228
	Absence	32	55
Number of lesions		1.81 ± 0.23	1.82 ± 0.25	0.232	0.817
Tumor diameter (cm)	≥ 5	20	19	2.701	0.100
	< 5	33	59
Dissection method	Three-field	18	34	1.222	0.269
	Two-field	35	44
ASA classification	Classes I-II	19	23	0.586	0.444
	Classes III-IV	34	55
HSA (g/L)		41.56 ± 5.33	42.18 ± 5.09	0.671	0.503
PLR		136.45 ± 14.27	135.16 ± 14.19	0.509	0.611
AFP (μg/L)		23.44 ± 5.69	23.05 ± 3.47	0.487	0.627
TSP-1 (ng/L)		93.56 ± 14.78	91.99 ± 16.53	0.557	0.579
Hb (g/L)		104.26 ± 32.67	114.56 ± 31.44	1.811	0.072
ALB (g/L)		36.41 ± 8.57	34.29 ± 9.21	1.330	0.186
PA (mg/L)		141.25 ± 16.39	151.47 ± 16.18	3.530	0.001
TC (mmol/L)		4.12 ± 0.87	4.33 ± 0.54	1.704	0.091
TG (mmol/L)		1.05 ± 0.11	1.07 ± 0.18	0.722	0.472
KPS score (points)		78.56 ± 10.56	84.53 ± 8.91	3.490	0.001
CEA (μg/L)		5.01 ± 0.56	5.08 ± 0.62	0.659	0.511

BMI: Body mass index; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; CHD: Coronary heart disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; HAS: Human serum albumin; PLR: Platelet to lymphocyte ratio; AFP: Alpha fetal protein; TSP-1: Thrombospondin-1; Hb: Hemoglobin; ALB: Plasma albumin; PA: Prealbumin; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; KPS: Karnofsky performance status; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride.

Table 2 Analysis of risk factors influencing sarcopenia in esophageal cancer patients

Independent variable	β value	SE value	Wald χ2 value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age	1.064	0.512	4.319	2.898	1.062-7.905	0.038
BMI	1.789	0.645	7.693	5.983	1.690-21.183	0.006
PA	1.833	0.621	8.712	6.253	1.851-21.119	0.003
KPS score	1.349	0.522	6.679	3.854	1.385-10.720	0.010

BMI: Body mass index; PA: Prealbumin; KPS: Karnofsky performance status; OR: Odds ratio.

Table 3 Single factors influencing the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients

General data		Good prognosis (n = 71)	Poor prognosis (n = 60)	χ2/t	P value
Age, years	≥ 60	45	27	4.438	0.035
	< 60	26	33
Sex	Male	41	28	1.601	0.206
	Female	30	32
BMI (kg/m2)	≥ 24	38	29	0.350	0.554
	< 24	33	31
Hypertension	Presence	25	25	0.574	0.449
	Absence	46	35
Hyperlipidemia	Presence	31	27	0.024	0.878
	Absence	40	33
CHD	Presence	28	20	0.522	0.470
	Absence	43	40
DM	Presence	23	22	0.263	0.608
	Absence	48	38
Sarcopenia	Presence	38	15	10.981	0.001
	Absence	33	45
Tumor type	Squamous carcinoma	26	23	0.041	0.840
	Adenocarcinoma	45	37
Differentiation degree	Poorly differentiated	22	31	5.774	0.016
	Moderately to well differentiated	49	29
AJCC clinical staging	Stages I-II	28	36	5.503	0.019
	Stage III	43	24
Pathogenic site	Upper esophagus	21	23	1.212	0.546
	Middle esophagus	26	18
	Lower esophagus	24	19
Lymph node metastasis	Presence	25	19	0.183	0.669
	Absence	46	41
Number of lesions		1.84 ± 0.26	1.79 ± 0.23	1.156	0.250
Tumor diameter (cm)	≥ 5	21	18	0.003	0.958
	< 5	50	42
Dissection method	Three-field	25	27	1.302	0.254
	Two-field	46	33
ASA classification	Classes I-II	19	23	1.999	0.157
	Classes III-IV	52	37
HSA (g/L)		42.33 ± 6.99	41.45 ± 8.17	0.664	0.508
PLR		135.69 ± 23.88	135.67 ± 20.45	0.005	0.996
AFP (μg/L)		25.64 ± 2.78	20.33 ± 3.15	10.247	< 0.001
TSP-1 (ng/L)		87.55 ± 9.36	98.64 ± 10.21	6.481	< 0.001
Hb (g/L)		108.64 ± 15.47	112.47 ± 20.65	1.212	0.228
ALB (g/L)		35.77 ± 6.29	34.41 ± 7.62	1.119	0.265
PA (mg/L)		148.64 ± 22.37	145.79 ± 16.88	0.811	0.419
TC (mmol/L)		4.25 ± 0.58	4.24 ± 0.61	0.096	0.924
TG (mmol/L)		1.07 ± 0.16	1.05 ± 0.18	0.673	0.502
KPS score (points)		80.64 ± 9.55	83.86 ± 9.22	1.953	0.053
CEA (μg/L)		5.47 ± 0.62	4.56 ± 0.58	8.620	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; CHD: Coronary heart disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; HAS: Human serum albumin; PLR: Platelet to lymphocyte ratio; AFP: Alpha fetal protein; TSP-1: Thrombospondin-1; Hb: Hemoglobin; ALB: Plasma albumin; PA: Prealbumin; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; KPS: Karnofsky performance status; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride.

Table 4 Risk factors influencing the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients

Independent variable	β value	SE value	Wald χ2 value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age	1.341	0.614	4.770	3.823	1.147-12.736	0.030
Differentiation degree	1.569	0.712	4.856	4.802	1.189-19.385	0.028
AJCC clinical staging	1.317	0.528	6.222	3.732	1.326-10.505	0.013
AFP	1.255	0.527	5.671	3.508	1.249-9.854	0.018
TSP-1	1.749	0.638	7.515	5.749	1.646-20.075	0.006
CEA	1.354	0.622	4.739	3.873	1.144-13.107	0.030
Sarcopenia	1.279	0.533	5.758	3.593	1.264-10.213	0.017

AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; AFP: Alpha fetal protein; TSP-1: Thrombospondin-1; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.