Study of serum tumor markers in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between pancreatic cancer and healthy groups, n (%)

Parameter		Pancreatic cancer group (n = 51)	Healthy group (n = 51)	χ2/t	P value
Age (years), mean ± SD		56.41 ± 2.79	56.38 ± 2.40	0.0558	0.954
Sex, male		22 (43.14)	24 (47.06)	0.158	0.691
BMI (kg/m2)		22.37 ± 1.41	21.56 ± 1.44	-	-
Smoking history	Yes	31 (60.78)	29 (56.86)	0.162	0.687
	No	20 (39.22)	22 (43.14)	-	-
Alcohol history	Yes	40 (78.43)	38 (74.51)	3.539	0.060
	No	11 (21.57)	13 (25.49)	-	-
Heart rate (beats/minute), mean ± SD		79.27 ± 4.38	78.53 ± 3.15	0.980	0.330
Systolic BP (mmHg), mean ± SD		124.76 ± 5.81	125.17 ± 5.32	0.372	0.711
Diastolic BP (mmHg), mean ± SD		74.33 ± 2.78	75.29 ± 2.38	1.873	0.064

BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure.

Table 2 Comparison of serum tumor marker levels and serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 chitinase-3-like protein 1 Levels between groups, mean ± SD

Parameter	Pancreatic cancer group (n = 51)	Healthy group (n = 51)	χ2/t	P value
CA-19-9 (U/mL)	128.41 ± 10.79	28.38 ± 3.40	63.145	< 0.001
CEA (ng/mL)	11.96 ± 2.23	4.64 ± 0.87	21.839	< 0.001
sICAM-1 (μg/L)	242.57 ± 21.41	153.56 ± 12.44	25.671	< 0.001
CHI3 L1 (ng/mL)	153.13 ± 27.97	68.68 ± 7.32	20.860	< 0.001

CA-19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; sICAM-1: Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; CHI3 L1: Chitinase-3-like protein 1.

Table 3 Comparison of serum tumor markers (carbohydrate antigen 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen), serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and chitinase-3-like protein 1 Levels in patients with pancreatic cancer at different tumor-node-metastasis stages, mean ± SD

Group	n	CA-19-9 (U/mL)	CEA (U/mL)	sICAM-1 (μg/L)	CHI3 L1 (ng/mL)
Stage I pancreatic cancer	24	98.43 ± 6.21	8.62 ± 1.12	213.51 ± 26.31	167.92 ± 5.47
Stage II pancreatic cancer	27	131.37 ± 22.58	12.39 ± 2.22	254.82 ± 25.79	192.46 ± 11.39
t	-	10.045	10.828	8.007	13.870
P value	-	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

CA-19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; sICAM-1: Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; CHI3 L1: Chitinase-3-like protein 1.

Table 4 Pearson correlation analysis between pancreatic cancer and serum tumor markers (carbohydrate antigen 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen), serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and chitinase-3-like protein 1 Levels

Parameter	Pancreatic cancer		Stage I pancreatic cancer		Stage II pancreatic cancer
	r	P value	r	P value	r	P value
CA-19-9	0.639	< 0.001	0.641	< 0.001	0.678	< 0.001
CEA	0.625	< 0.001	0.632	< 0.001	0.662	< 0.001
sICAM-1	0.529	< 0.001	0.552	< 0.001	0.583	< 0.001
CHI3 L1	0.517	< 0.001	0.534	< 0.001	0.571	< 0.001

CA-19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; sICAM-1: Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; CHI3 L1: Chitinase-3-like protein 1.

Table 5 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of pancreatic cancer

Factor	β-value	SE	χ2	P value	OR	95%CI
						Lower	Upper
CA-19-9 (U/mL)	0.059	0.028	4.440	0.035	1.061	1.004	1.121
CEA (ng/mL)	0.035	0.013	7.249	0.007	1.036	1.010	1.062
sICAM-1 (μg/L)	0.071	0.016	19.691	0.000	1.074	1.040	1.108
CHI3 L1 (ng/mL)	0.076	0.028	7.367	0.007	1.079	1.021	1.140
Constant	-3.143	0.834	14.202	0.000	-	-	-

CA-19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; sICAM-1: Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; CHI3 L1: Chitinase-3-like protein 1; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.