Predictive value of a nomogram model for treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer

Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between good response and poor response groups following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer, mean ± SD/n (%)

Variable	Good response group (n = 36)	Poor response group (n = 142)	χ²/t value	P value
Age (years)	55.1 ± 5.4	56.0 ± 6.3	0.787	0.433
Gender (male/female)	22/14	92/50	0.169	0.681
BMI (kg/m²)	23.4 ± 1.2	23.5 ± 1.5	0.371	0.711
Hypertension	12 (33.33)	43 (30.28)	0.125	0.723
Coronary artery disease	9 (25.00)	28 (19.72)	0.487	0.486
CEA level (ng/mL)	5.4 ± 1.2	5.6 ± 1.5	0.742	0.459
Smoking	17 (47.22)	64 (45.07)	0.054	0.817
Diabetes	9 (25.00)	34 (23.94)	0.017	0.895
Family history of malignancy	16 (44.44)	54 (38.03)	0.496	0.482
High-salt, high-fat diet	15 (41.67)	58 (40.85)	0.008	0.929
Distance from the anal verge (cm)	5.1 ± 1.2	5.3 ± 1.5	0.742	0.459
Pathological type (adenocarcinoma/mucinous carcinoma)	17/19	90/52	3.127	0.077
Lymph node metastasis	12 (33.33)	78 (54.93)	5.358	0.021
Differentiation (moderate-high/low-poor)	22/14	49/93	8.477	0.004
TNM/T stage (stage 3/stage 4)	23/13	39/103	16.79	< 0.001
Maximum tumor diameter (cm)	5.3 ± 1.1	6.7 ± 1.3	5.941	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; TNM: Tumor node metastasis.

Table 2 Comparison of inflammatory and tumor markers between good and poor response groups following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, mean ± SD

Variable	Good response group (n = 36)	Poor response group (n = 142)	t value	P value
CRP (mg/L)	9.0 ± 1.4	13.3 ± 2.8	8.922	< 0.001
IL-6 (ng/L)	12.5 ± 3.2	18.7 ± 3.6	9.428	< 0.001
TNF-α (ng/L)	37.0 ± 8.6	41.9 ± 9.1	2.917	0.004
CEA (μg/L)	5.7 ± 1.1	8.1 ± 1.3	10.19	< 0.001
CA19-9 (U/mL)	46.1 ± 9.0	50.1 ± 10.1	2.167	0.032
NLR	4.5 ± 0.7	4.7 ± 0.8	1.372	0.172
PLR	346.8 ± 55.9	357.1 ± 59.7	0.936	0.351

CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer

Factors	β	SE	Wald	OR	95%CI for OR	P value
Elevated CA19-9	0.185	0.088	1.828	1.149	0.871-1.271	0.271
Elevated TNF-α	0.191	0.08	2.39	1.142	0.864-1.261	0.133
Larger tumor diameter	0.367	0.112	2.582	1.312	0.905-1.392	0.101
Tumor poor differentiation	0.341	0.119	2.843	1.372	0.798-1.471	0.085
TNM/T stage 4	0.441	0.121	2.944	1.419	0.973-1.497	0.078
Lymph node metastasis	0.454	0.092	3.211	1.491	0.982-1.539	0.072
Elevated CEA	0.745	0.274	6.315	2.37	1.263-3.921	0.016
Elevated IL-6	0.926	0.296	7.41	2.666	1.507-4.305	0.012
Elevated CRP	0.887	0.252	7.819	2.571	1.576-4.108	0.009

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.