Stoma related complications: A registry study based on a prospective registration system

Table 1 Characteristics of clinicopathological factors in patients with stomas (n = 734)

Factors	n (%)
Age (year)
< 65	492 (67.0)
≥ 65	242 (33.0)
Sex
Male	473 (64.4)
Female	261 (35.6)
BMI (kg/m2)
< 30	681 (92.8)
≥ 30	53 (7.2)
Duration of surgery (hour)
< 4	678 (92.4)
≥ 4	56 (7.6)
Blood loss (mL)
< 500	711 (96.9)
≥ 500	23 (3.1)
Length of stay (day)
≤ 7	262 (35.7)
> 7	472 (64.3)
Tumor location
Rectal	650 (88.6)
Colon	84 (11.4)
Adenocarcinoma
Yes	716 (97.5)
No	18 (2.5)
pT stage
≤ T3	607 (82.7)
T4	127 (17.3)
pN stage
pN0	642 (87.5)
pN+	92 (12.5)
Neoadjuvant CRT
Yes	524 (71.4)
No	210 (28.6)
Surgery type
Lap	583 (79.4)
Open	151 (20.6)
Hypertension
Yes	17 (2.3)
No	717 (97.7)
Diabetes	35 (8.7)
Yes	96 (13.1)
No	638 (86.9)

BMI: Body mass index; CRT: Chemoradiation therapy.

Table 2 Descriptive features of the stoma (n = 734)

Factors	n (%)
Stoma location
Ileostoma	482 (65.7)
Colon stoma	218 (29.7)
Stoma height (cm)
1-3	693 (94.4)
Others	41 (5.6)
Stoma color
Normal	724 (98.6)
Abnormal	10 (1.4)
Stoma edema
Yes	124 (17.0)
No	607 (83.0)
Stoma shape
Regular	725 (98.8)
Irregular	9 (1.2)

Table 3 Stoma-related complications and classification (n = 90)

	Number of patients (%)	Early (≤ 7 days)	Late (> 7 days)
Bleeding	4 (4.4)	3	1
Ischemia	11 (12.2)	11	0
Fistula	2 (2.2)	0	2
Retraction	1 (1.1)	0	1
Prolapse	2 (4.4)	1	1
Edema	22 (24.4)	21	1
Parastomal hernia	2 (2.2)	1	1
Skin excoriation	15 (16.7)	3	12
Mucocutaneous separation	31 (34.4)	24	7
Time of complication (day)
≤ 7	64 (71.1)
> 7	26 (28.9)
Clavien–Dindo classification
1	5 (5.5)
2	81 (90.0)
3	4 (4.44)
4	0
5	0

Table 4 Associations between clinicopathological factors and stoma complications (n = 734), n (%)

Factors	With complications, n = 90	No complication, n = 644	P value
Age (year)			0.90
< 65	61 (67.8)	431 (66.9)
≥ 65	29 (32.2)	213 (33.1)
Sex			0.91
Male	59 (65.6)	414 (64.3)
Female	31 (34.4)	230 (35.7)
Tumor location			0.73
Rectal	81 (90.0)	569 (88.4)
Colon	9 (10.0)	75 (11.6)
cT stage			0.96
cT1-3	61 (67.8)	435 (67.5)
cT4	29 (32.2)	209 (32.5)
cN stage			0.21
cN0	18 (20.0)	96 (14.9)
cN+	72 (80.0)	548 (85.1)
pT stage			0.64
pT1-3	76 (84.4)	531 (82.5)
pT4	14 (15.6)	113 (17.5)
pN stage			0.07
pN0	62 (68.9)	381 (59.2)
pN+	28 (31.1)	263 (40.8)
Neoadjuvant CRT			0.95
Yes	26 (28.9)	184 (28.6)
No	64 (71.1)	460 (71.4)
Duration of surgery (hour)			0.18
< 4	80 (88.9)	598 (92.9)
≥ 4	10 (11.1)	46 (7.1)
Blood loss (mL)			0.05
< 500	84 (93.3)	627 (97.4)
≥ 500	6 (6.7)	17 (2.6)
Length of stay (days)			0.06
≤ 7	24 (26.7)	238 (37.0)
> 7	66 (73.3)	406 (63.0)
Hypertension			0.42
Yes	1 (1.1)	16 (2.5)
No	89 (98.9)	628 (97.5)
Diabetes			0.21
Yes	8 (8.9)	88 (13.7)
No	82 (91.1)	556 (86.3)
Stoma location			0.00a
Ileostoma	53 (58.9)	199 (30.9)
Colon stoma	37 (41.1)	445 (69.1)
Stoma color			0.00a
Normal	81 (90.0)	643 (99.8)
Abnormal	9 (10.0)	1 (0.2)
Stoma shape			0.05
Regular	87 (96.7)	638 (99.1)
Irregular	3 (3.3)	6 (0.9)
Surgery type			0.01a
Laparoscopic	61 (67.8)	522 (81.1)
Open	29 (32.2)	122 (18.9)
Stoma edema			0.00a
Yes	27 (30.0)	97 (15.1)
No	63 (70.0)	547 (84.9)
BMI	-		0.01a
< 30	78 (86.7)	603 (93.6)
≥ 30	12 (13.3)	41 (6.4)
Stoma height (cm)			0.05
1-3	76 (84.4)	607 (94.3)
Others	14 (15.6)	37 (5.7)

^aP < 0.05.

BMI: Body mass index; CRT: Chemoradiation therapy.

Table 5 Multivariant analysis of independent factors associated with stoma complications (n = 734)

Factors	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age	0.582-1.605 (0.967)	0.895
Sex	0.618-1.661 (1.013)	0.959
Stoma location	0.600-3.150 (1.375)	0.451
pN	0.954-2.678 (1.598)	0.075
Duration of surgery	0.303-1.726 (0.724)	0.467
Type of surgery	1.039-3.169 (1.815)	0.036
Stoma height	0.229-1.409 (0.568)	0.222
Stoma color	0.001-0.085 (0.010)	0.000
Stoma edema	0.206-0.594 (0.350)	0.000
Stoma shape	0.072-1.426 (0.321)	0.135
BMI	0.930-1.065 (0.995)	0.895

BMI: Body mass index.