Hypercoagulation after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy as a new prognostic indicator in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer undergoing surgery

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics

Parameters	Number
Age [median (range)]	58 (31-75)
Gender, male/female (n)	81/23
BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD)	22.82 ± 2.81
Smoking status, never smoker/ever smoker (n)	76/28
Drinking status, never drinker/ever drinker (n)	87/17
Plasma D-dimer (mg/L) [median (range)]
Before neoadjuvant treatment	0.32 (0.10-2.43)
Before surgery	0.45 (0.22-3.96)
Plasma fibrinogen (g/L) [median (range)]
Before neoadjuvant treatment	3.30 (1.83-5.66)
Before surgery	2.74 (1.78-6.21)
Tumor location (n)
Upper stomach	55
Middle stomach	14
Lower stomach	35
Clinical T stage (n)
cT3	60
cT4	44
Clinical N stage (n)
cN1	66
cN2	30
cN3	8
Pathological type (n)
Non- signet ring cell carcinoma	81
Signet ring cell carcinoma	23
Chemotherapy regimen, sox/xelox (n)	101/3
Immunotherapy regimen (n)
Sintilimab	13
Toripalimab	8
Nivolumab	6
Tislelizumab	77
Median follow-up (months)	21

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Preoperatively determined prognostic factors for overall survival in locally advanced gastric cancer

Variable	Univariate			Multivariate
	Hazard ratio	95%CI	P value	Hazard ratio	95%CI	P value
Gender			0.587
Male	Reference
Female	0.660	0.147-2.956
Age (years)			0.138
< 66	Reference
≥ 66	2.235	0.773-6.464
Smoking history			0.682
Never smoker	Reference
Ever smoker	0.766	0.213-2.753
Drinking history			0.922
Never drinker	Reference
Ever drinker	1.078	0.240-4.844
BMI (kg/m2)			0.670
< 22	Reference
≥ 22	0.796	0.278-2.279
Tumor location			0.593
Upper stomach	Reference
Middle stomach	1.556	0.410-5.904	0.516
Lower stomach	0.676	0.178-2.567	0.565
Vascular invasion			0.079
Yes	Reference
No	2.662	0.893-7.934
Neurological invasion			0.015			0.055
Yes	Reference			Reference
No	4.324	1.328-14.079		3.329	0.975-11.366
Clinical T stage			0.109
cT3	Reference
cT4	2.494	0.815-7.625
Clinical N stage			0.258
cN1	Reference
cN2-3	1.851	0.637-5.381
Pathological type			0.024			0.082
Non- signet ring cell carcinoma	Reference			Reference
Signet ring cell carcinoma	3.428	1.177-9.981		2.694	0.882-8.231
Hypercoagulation			0.031			0.023
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	4.078	1.136-14.643		4.436	1.227-16.045

CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 3 Preoperatively determined prognostic factors for disease-free survival in locally advanced gastric cancer

Variable	Univariate			Multivariate
	Hazard ratio	95%CI	P value	Hazard ratio	95%CI	P value
Gender			0.747
Male	Reference
Female	1.177	0.437-3.172
Age (years)			0.108
< 66	Reference
≥ 66	1.988	0.859-4.598
Smoking history			0.874
Never smoker	Reference
Ever smoker	0.927	0.365-2.352
Drinking history			0.745
Never drinker	Reference
Ever drinker	1.196	0.406-3.520
BMI (kg/m2)			0.998
< 22	Reference
≥ 22	1.001	0.438-2.286
Tumor location			0.951
Upper stomach	Reference
Middle stomach	0.850	0.242-2.984	0.800
Lower stomach	0.890	0.355-2.232	0.804
Vascular invasion			0.088
Yes	Reference
No	2.074	0.897-4.798
Neurological invasion			0.038			0.044
Yes	Reference			Reference
No	2.432	1.051-5.627		2.372	1.024-5.492
Clinical T stage			0.066
cT3	Reference
cT4	0.459	0.200-1.054
Clinical N stage			0.744
cN1	Reference
cN2-3	1.154	0.489-2.722
Pathological type			0.439
Non- signet ring cell carcinoma	Reference
Signet ring cell carcinoma	1.445	0.569-3.669
Hypercoagulation			0.034			0.039
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	2.611	1.073-6.356		2.551	1.047-6.217

CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index.