Early and late-onset colorectal cancer in African Americans during COVID-19

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of late onset colorectal cancer pre (2015-2019) and during coronavirus disease (2020-2023), n (%)

Characteristics	LOCRC		P value
	2015-2019 (n = 55)	2020-2023 (n = 83)
Mean age	64.76	65.3	-
Male	31 (56.4)	56 (67.5)	0.186
Female	24 (43.6)	27 (32.5)	-
Race			0.146
African Americans	50 (90.9)	68 (82.9)
White	1 (1.8)	5 (6.1)
Asian	1 (1.8)	4 (4.9)
Hispanic	2 (3.6)	0
Others	1 (1.8)	5 (6.1)
BMI (kg/m2)			0.877
Underweight < 18.9	5 (9.3)	4 (4.9)
Normal (19-24.9)	19 (35.2)	33 (40.7)
Overweight (25-29.9)	15 (27.9)	20 (24.7)
Obese (30-34.9)	15 (27.9)	24 (29.6)
Smoking	22 (40.7)	37 (44.6)	0.658
Alcohol	28(33.7)	22 (40.7)	0.778
Unemployed	31 (57.4)	53 (69.7)	0.033
Comorbidities
Hypertension	37 (68.5)	49 (59.8)	0.3
Diabetes	18 (33.3)	18 (22)	1.44
Heart diseases	6 (11.1)	13 (15.7)	0.45
IBD	0	1 (1.2)	0.42
CKD	8 (15.1)	7 (8.4)	0.23
Ongoing radiation treatment	7 (13.5)	14 (17.1)	0.57
Cholecystectomy	3 (5.6)	5 (6.1)	0.89
Indication for colonoscopy			0.53
Screening	4 (7.3)	10 (12)
Surveillance	9 (16.4)	19 (22.9)
Diagnostic	42 (76.4)	54 (65)
Diagnostic indication
GI bleeding	8 (32)	13 (39.4)	0.54
Change in bowel habits	0	1 (6.1)	0.48
Abnormal imaging	7 (28)	8 (24.2)	0.79
Polyp location
Cecum	6 (10.9)	10 (12)	0.84
Ascending colon	9 (16.3)	13 (15.7)	0.46
Transverse colon	10 (17.9)	14 (17)	0.21
Descending colon	7 (12.7)	12 (14.5)	0.77
Sigmoid colon	5 (9.1)	13 (15.7)	0.26
Rectum	11 (20)	17 (20.5)	0.71
Size of the mass			0.52
< 10 mm	18 (66.7)	31 (73.8)
> 10 mm	9 (33.3)	11 (26.2)
Colonoscopy withdrawal time (in minutes)			0.17
6:00-10:00	5 (27.8)	5 (8.2)
10.01-15:00	3 (16.7)	7 (11.5)
15.01-20:00	4 (22.2)	16 (26.2)
20.01-25:00	1 (5.6)	16 (26.2)
25.01-30:00	1 (5.6)	6 (9.8)
> 30	4 (22.2)	11 (18)
Quality of bowel preparation			0.61
Excellent/good	43 (95.6)	53 (80.3)
Adequate	2 (4.4)	10 (15.2)
Poor	0	3 (2.7)
Type of associated polyp
Hyperplastic	8 (25)	12 (26.1)	0.91
Tubular adenoma	16 (50%)	29 (64.4)	0.21
Tubulo-villous	2 (6.1)	7 (15.2)	0.206
Villous	1 (3.1)	0	0.233
Sessile serrated	5 (15.2)	0	0.07
Type of carcinoma			0.08
Adenocarcinoma	38 (80.9)	51 (76.1)
Small cell carcinoma	1 (2.1)	7 (10.4)
Neuroendocrine tumor	7 (14.9)	4 (6)
Previous colonoscopy	10 (18.2)	23 (27.7)
Metastasis	24 (55.8)	26 (38.2)	0.07

LOCRC: Late-onset colorectal cancer; BMI: Body mass index; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; GI: Gastrointestinal.

Table 2 Demographics and clinical characteristics of early onset colorectal cancer pre (2015-2019) and during coronavirus disease (2020-2023), n (%)

Characteristics	EOCRC		P value
	2015-2019 (n = 6)	2020-2023 (n = 7)
Mean age	37.33	41.57	-
Male	4 (66.7)	7 (100)	0.097
Female	2 (33.3)	0	-
Race
African Americans	6 (100)	7 (100)	-
White	0	0	-
Asian	0	0	-
Hispanic	0	0	-
Others	0	0	-
BMI (kg/m2)			0.37
Underweight < 18.9	1 (25)	0
Normal (19-24.9)	1 (25)	1 (14.3)
Overweight (25-29.9)	0	1 (14.3)
Obese (30-34.9)	2 (50)	5 (71.4)
Smoking	2 (50)	5 (83.3)	0.26
Alcohol	2 (50)	4 (66.7)	0.58
Unemployed	2 (33.3)	1 (14.3)	0.42
Comorbidities
Hypertension	0	1 (14.3)	0.38
Indication for colonoscopy			0.91
Surveillance	1 (16.7)	1 (14.3)
Diagnostic	5 (83.3)	6 (85.7)
Diagnostic indication
GI bleeding	2(33.3)	4(57.4)	0.69
Change in bowel habits	1 (16.7)	3 (42.8)	0.047
Abnormal imaging	2 (33.3)	1 (14.3)	0.86
Polyp location
Cecum	1 (16.7)	0	0.26
Ascending colon	1 (16.7)	1 (14.3)	0.91
Transverse colon	1 (16.7)	1 (14.3)	0.91
Descending colon	1 (16.7)	0	0.26
Sigmoid colon	0	0	-
Rectum	1 (16.7)	1 (14.3)	0.91
Size of the mass			0.03
< 10 mm	4 (66.7)	6 (85.7)
> 10 mm	2 (33.3)	1 (14.3)
Colonoscopy withdrawal time (in minutes)			0.601
6:00-10:00	1 (33.3)	0
10.01-15:00	0	1 (14.3)
15.01-20:00	1 (33.3)	2 (28.6)
20.01-25:00	1 (33.3)	2 (28.6)
25.1-30:00	0	1 (14.3)
> 30	0	1 (14.3)
Quality of bowel preparation			0.33
Excellent/good	6 (100)	6 (85.7)
Adequate	0	0
Poor	0	1 (14.3)
Type of associated polyp
Hyperplastic	1(25)	1(100)	0.17
Tubular adenoma	3 (75)	1 (100)	0.58
Tubulo-villous	0	0
Villous	0	0
Sessile serrated	0	0
Type of carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma	4 (66.7)	7 (100)	0.19
Small cell carcinoma	1 (16.7)	0
Neuroendocrine tumor	1 (16.7)	0
Others	0	0
Previous colonoscopy	1 (16.7)	0
Metastasis	2 (33.3)	1 (14.3)	0.414

EOCRC: Early-onset colorectal cancer; BMI: Body mass index; GI: Gastrointestinal.