Intensive care unit outcomes and prognostic factors of colorectal cancer

Table 1 Comparison of characteristics between intensive care unit colorectal cancer patients with different 90-day survival outcomes, n (%)

Variables	All (n = 189)	Survived at 90 days (n = 166)	90-day mortality (n = 23)	P value
Demographics
Age (years), median (IQR)	69.0 (60.0, 76.0)	69.0 (61.2, 76.0)	66.0 (57.5, 79.5)	0.663
Gender				0.650
Female	58 (30.7)	50 (30.1)	8 (34.8)
Male	131 (69.3)	116 (69.9)	15 (65.2)
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR)	22.5 (19.8, 25.1)	22.9 (19.8, 25.2)	22.0 (20.9, 22.7)	0.460
Treatment history
Target therapy	16 (8.5)	9 (5.4)	7 (30.4)	0.001a
Immunotherapy	5 (2.6)	5 (3.0)	0 (0.0)	1.000
Chemotherapy	33 (17.5)	24 (14.5)	9 (39.1)	0.007a
Radiotherapy	8 (4.2)	6 (3.6)	2 (8.7)	0.252
Transferring source				< 0.001a
Operation room	119 (63.0)	114 (68.7)	5 (21.7)
Emergency department	7 (3.7)	6 (3.6)	1 (4.3)
Clinical ward	61 (32.3)	46 (27.7)	15 (65.2)
Other hospitals	2 (1.1)	0 (0.0)	2 (8.7)
Planned transfer	95 (50.3)	77 (53.6)	18 (21.7)	0.004a
Elective or emergency surgery				< 0.001a
No surgery	33 (17.5)	19 (11.4)	14 (60.9)
Elective	131 (69.3)	124 (74.7)	7 (30.4)
Emergency	25 (13.2)	23 (13.9)	2 (8.7)
Severity scores
SOFA, median (IQR)	3.0 (2.0, 5.0)	3.0 (1.0, 5.0)	5.0 (3.0, 9.5)	0.002a
APACHE II, median (IQR)	11.0 (8.0, 15.0)	10.0 (8.0, 14.0)	18.0 (14.5, 21.5)	< 0.001a
ICU diagnosis
Sepsis	104 (55.0)	85 (51.2)	19 (82.6)	0.005a
ARDS	17 (9.0)	14 (8.4)	3 (13.0)	0.441
Respiratory failure	48 (25.4)	38 (22.9)	10 (43.5)	0.034a
AKI				< 0.001a
None	171 (90.5)	155 (93.4)	16 (69.6)
Grade I	9 (4.8)	5 (3.0)	4 (17.4)
Grade II	3 (1.6)	0 (0.0)	3 (13.0)
Grade III	6 (3.2)	6 (3.6)	0 (0.0)
Shock	55 (29.1)	44 (26.5)	11 (47.8)	0.035a
Anti-infection treatment
Carbapenems	60 (31.7)	47 (28.3)	13 (56.5)	0.006a
β-lactam	59 (31.2)	50 (30.1)	9 (39.1)	0.382
Glycopeptides	28 (14.8)	22 (13.3)	6 (26.1)	0.119
Tigecycline	10 (5.3)	8 (4.8)	2 (8.7)	0.349
Echinocandins	2 (1.1)	1 (0.6)	1 (4.3)	0.229
Triazoles	8 (4.2)	5 (3.0)	3 (13.0)	0.059
Other treatment
Mechanical ventilation	76 (40.2)	65 (39.2)	11 (47.8)	0.427
Conventional oxygen therapy	174 (92.1)	158 (95.2)	16 (69.6)	0.001a
Sedation treatment	48 (25.4)	39 (23.5)	9 (39.1)	0.106

^aP < 0.05.

IQR: Interquartile range; BMI: Body mass index; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment; APACHE: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; ICU: Intensive care unit; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; AKI: Acute kidney injury.

Table 2 Multivariate regression analysis of predictors for 90-day survival of intensive care unit admitted colorectal cancer patients

Variables, demographics	Univariate analysis1		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age (years)	0.99 (0.96, 1.03)	0.643
Gender
Female	Reference
Male	0.82 (0.35, 1.94)	0.658
BMI (kg/m2)	0.97 (0.86, 1.08)	0.549
Treatment history
Target therapy	5.43 (2.23, 13.22)	< 0.001
Immunotherapy	-	-
Chemotherapy	3.38 (1.46, 7.80)	0.004	2.66 (1.04, 6.80)	0.041a
Radiotherapy	2.18 (0.51, 9.28)	0.294
Transferring source
Operation room	Reference
Emergency department	3.85 (0.45, 32.96)	0.218
Clinical ward	6.65 (2.41, 18.30)	< 0.001
Other hospitals	-	-
Unplanned transfer	3.83 (1.42, 10.31)	0.008
Elective or emergency surgery
No surgery	Reference
Elective	0.10 (0.04, 0.25)	< 0.001	0.20 (0.07, 0.58)	0.003a
Emergency	0.15 (0.04, 0.68)	0.013	0.26 (0.06, 1.24)	0.091
Severity scores
SOFA	1.19 (1.10, 1.30)	< 0.001
APACHE II	1.12 (1.07, 1.17)	< 0.001	1.06 (1.00, 1.12)	0.071
ICU diagnosis
Sepsis	4.16 (1.42, 12.24)	0.010
ARDS	1.59 (0.47, 5.37)	0.451
Respiratory failure	2.46 (1.08, 5.62)	0.032
AKI	5.16 (2.12, 12.56)	< 0.001
Shock	2.41 (1.06, 5.46)	0.035
Anti-infection treatment
Carbapenems	3.10 (1.36, 7.07)	0.007
β-lactam	1.42 (0.61, 3.28)	0.411
Glycopeptides	2.19 (0.86, 5.56)	0.098
Tigecycline	1.84 (0.43, 7.85)	0.410
Echinocandins	4.19 (0.56, 31.13)	0.161	0.15 (0.01, 1.43)	0.099
Triazoles	3.95 (1.17, 13.31)	0.027
Other treatment
Mechanical ventilation	1.41 (0.62, 3.20)	0.410
Conventional oxygen therapy	0.15 (0.06, 0.38)	< 0.001	0.21 (0.07, 0.62)	0.005a
Sedation treatment	2.03 (0.88, 4.70)	0.097

^aP < 0.05.

¹In the univariate analysis section, blank sections for the variables immunotherapy and transferring source represent confidence intervals of no significance.

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment; APACHE: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; ICU: Intensive care unit; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; AKI: Acute kidney injury.

Table 3 Area under the curve and 95% confidence intervals for prediction of mortality within 90 days of intensive care unit admitted colorectal cancer patients

Time periods	AUC	95%CI
30 days
SOFA	0.708	0.550-0.865
APACHE II	0.779	0.6493-0.908
60 days
SOFA	0.697	0.559-0.835
APACHE II	0.785	0.673-0.897
80 days
SOFA	0.719	0.591-0.848
APACHE II	0.797	0.693-0.901

SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment; APACHE: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; AUC: Area under the curve; CI: Confidence interval.