Local excision for middle-low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation: A retrospective study from a single tertiary center

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of 33 patients

Variables	n (%) or median (range)
Age (years)	61.0 (28.0-75.0)
Gender
Male	16 (48.5)
Female	17 (51.5)
Diameter of lesion (cm)	2.0 (1.0-3.0)
Distance from the anal verge (cm)	3.0 (1.0-10.0)
cT baseline
1	0 (0.0)
2	9 (27.3)
3	19 (57.6)
4	5 (15.2)
cN baseline
Negative	8 (24.2)
Positive	25 (75.8)
cM baseline
M0	31 (93.9)
M1	2 (6.1)
ycT
0	21 (63.6)
1	5 (15.2)
2	6 (18.2)
3	1 (3.0)
4	0 (0.0)
ypT
0	18 (54.5)
1	6 (18.2)
2	7 (21.2)
3	2 (6.1)
4	0 (0.0)
Differentiation
G1	3 (9.1)
G2	29 (87.9)
G3	1(3.0)
Baseline CEA
Normal	32 (97.0)
Abnormal	1 (3.0)
Interval between NCRT and surgery (week)	25.4 (8.7-164.4)
Chemotherapy
Cap	13 (39.4)
CapeOx	20 (60.6)
Surgical duration (minute)	57.0 (20.0-137.0)
Blood loss (mL)	10.0 (5.0-50.0)
Postoperative hospital stay (days)	4.0 (1.0-11.0)
Complication
No complication	26 (78.8)
With complication	7 (21.2)
CD grade
Grade I	1 (3)
Grade II	6 (18.2)
Grade III-IV	0 (0.0)
Recurrence
No	31 (93.9)
Yes	2 (6.1)
Metastasis (cM0, n = 31)
No	28 (90.3)
Yes	3 (9.7)
Follow-up time (month)	42.0 (4.0-93.5)

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; NCRT: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; CD: Clavien dindo; Cap: Capecitabine; CapeOx: Capecitabine + oxaliplatin.

Table 2 Clinical-pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation, n (%)

Pre-cT	ypT after local excision
	ypT0	ypT1	ypT2	ypT3
cT2 (n = 9)	5 (55.6)	2 (22.2)	2 (22.2)	0 (0.0)
cT3 (n = 19)	11 (57.9)	3 (15.8)	4 (21.1)	1 (5.3)
cT4 (n = 5)	2 (40.0)	1 (20.0)	1 (20.0)	1 (20.0)

Table 3 Patients with perioperative complications

Gender	Age	Neoadjuvant	Interval from NCRT to local excision (week)	Type of complications	Clavien-Dindo grades
Male	74	NCRT	69	Bleeding	II
Male	68	NCRT	18	Bleeding	I
Female	59	NCRT	11	Perineal pain	II
Female	71	NCRT	11	Perineal pain	II
Male	40	NCRT + CapOx	24	Perineal pain + stricture	II
Male	56	NCRT + CapOx	59	Pain + fecal incontinence	II
Female	66	NCRT + CapOx	32	Bleeding + pain	II

NCRT: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; CapOx: Capecitabine + oxaliplatin.

Table 4 Patients with disease progression after local excision

Patient (sex/age)	Primary staging				NCRT	Interval time (week)	Response		Disease progression			Prognosis
	cT	cN	cM	High-risk factor (s)			mrTRG	ypT	Local recurrence	Distant metastasis	Treatment	DFS (month)	OS (month)	Status
Male/74	T4	N1	cM0	cT4	NCRT	8.7	0	ypT0	Negative	Bone	C	9.3	64.6	Dead
Female/57	T3	N2	cM0	EMVI+	NCRT + CapOx2	9	0	ypT0	Negative	Lung	C+ resection	27.5	76.5	Alive (NED)
Female /61	T2	N2	cM0	N2	NCRT	101	3	ypT0	Positive	Sacrum and Lung	Resection	6.1	49.4	Dead
Female /36	T4	N1	cM1	cT4	CRT + CapOx2	19	2	ypT2	Negative	Lung	C+ resection		42.0	Alive (NED)
Female /30	T4	N2	cM1	cT4	CRT+CapOx1	36	1	ypT0	Positive	Liver	Resection		27.5	Alive (NED)

NCRT: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; EMVI: Extramural venous invasion; DFS: Disease-free survival; OS: Overall survival; NED: No evidence of disease; CapOx: Capecitabine + oxaliplatin.