Carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 724 in gastric cancer and their relationship with clinical prognosis

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v15.i8.1475

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Aug 15, 2023; 15(8): 1475-1485
Published online Aug 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i8.1475

Table 1 Comparison of general data between the two groups

Group	n	Gender (n)		Age (yr)	Smoking history (case)		Alcohol history (n)
Group	n	Male	Female	Age (yr)	Yes	No	Yes	No
Gastric cancer group	87	46	41	59.11 ± 6.02	52	35	56	31
Control group	80	41	39	58.94 ± 5.76	43	37	45	35
χ²		0.044		0.186	0.616		1.149
P value		0.834		0.853	0.433		0.284

Table 2 Comparison of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 724 levels between the two groups

Group	n	CEA (ng/mL)	CA199 (U/mL)	CA724 (U/mL)
Gastric cancer group	87	23.69 ± 4.83	52.75 ± 8.52	41.32 ± 6.53
Control group	80	2.58 ± 0.79	4.62 ± 1.49	5.10 ± 1.27
t value		38.611	49.819	48.759
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; CA724: Carbohydrate antigen 724.

Table 3 Comparison of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 724 levels in patients with different stages of gastric cancer

Group	n	CEA (ng/mL)	CA199 (U/mL)	CA724 (U/mL)
Gastric cancer stage I group	20	18.05 ± 4.16	46.31 ± 6.78	34.29 ± 5.46
Gastric cancer stage II group	23	21.43 ± 4.22^a	50.25 ± 5.27^a	39.41 ± 5.89^a
Gastric cancer stage III group	28	25.58 ± 5.37^a^,^b	54.33 ± 7.64^a^,^b	43.68 ± 6.03^a^,^b
Gastric cancer stage IV group	16	30.68 ± 4.83^a^,^b^,^c	61.63 ± 8.11^a^,^b^,^c	48.72 ± 6.95^a^,^b^,^c
F value		29.482	21.709	25.139
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05, compared with stage I gastric cancer group.

^bP < 0.05, compared with stage II gastric cancer group.

^cP < 0.05, compared with stage III gastric cancer group.

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; CA724: Carbohydrate antigen 724.

Table 4 Comparison of the positive rates of single and combined detection of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 724 in patients with gastric cancer

Indicators	Number of positive tests	Positive rate (%)
CEA	46	52.87
CA199	48	55.17
CA724	62	71.26^a^,^b
Combined	83	95.40^a^,^b^,^c

^aP < 0.05, compared with carcinoembryonic antigen.

^bP < 0.05, compared with carbohydrate antigen 199.

^cP < 0.05, compared with carbohydrate antigen 724.

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; CA724: Carbohydrate antigen 724.

Table 5 Comparison of positive rates of single and combined detection of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 724 in patients with different stages of gastric cancer, n (%)

Indicators	Gastric cancer stage I	Gastric cancer stage II	Gastric cancer stage III	Gastric cancer stage IV
CEA	45 (51.72)	44 (50.57)	47 (54.02)	48 (55.17)
CA199	42 (48.28)	48 (55.17)	50 (57.47)	52 (59.77)
CA724	59 (67.82)	60 (68.97)	64 (73.56)	65 (74.71)
Combined	78 (89.66)^a^,^b^,^c	81 (93.10)^a^,^b^,^c	86 (98.85)^a^,^b^,^c	87 (100.00)^a^,^b^,^c

^aP < 0.05, compared with carcinoembryonic antigen.

^bP < 0.05, compared with carbohydrate antigen 199.

^cP < 0.05 compared with carbohydrate antigen 724.

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; CA724: Carbohydrate antigen 724.

Table 6 Relationship between serum carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 724 levels and clinicopathology in patients with gastric cancer

Clinical pathology		n	CEA (ng/mL)	CA199 (U/mL)	CA724 (U/mL)
Gender	Male	46	23.42 ± 4.65	52.49 ± 7.83	41.29 ± 6.18
Gender	Female	41	23.99 ± 5.12	53.04 ± 7.67	41.35 ± 6.22
Age	< 45 years old	60	20.47 ± 8.53	49.18 ± 9.13	39.02 ± 6.45
Age	≥ 45 years old	27	30.85 ± 8.77^a	60.68 ± 8.85^a	46.43 ± 6.76^a
Smoking history	Yes	52	23.51 ± 4.43	52.66 ± 8.41	41.57 ± 6.17
Smoking history	No	35	23.96 ± 4.50	52.88 ± 8.35	40.95 ± 6.03
Alcohol history	Yes	56	23.49 ± 4.81	52.69 ± 7.41	41.30 ± 5.94
Alcohol history	No	31	24.05 ± 4.87	52.86 ± 9.03	41.36 ± 6.12
TNM staging	Phase I-II	43	21.02 ± 4.65	48.63 ± 8.75	37.25 ± 6.88
TNM staging	Phase III-IV	44	26.30 ± 4.72^b	56.78 ± 9.24^b	45.30 ± 7.13^b
lymphatic metastasis	No	45	20.83 ± 4.23	46.16 ± 7.36	38.11 ± 6.59
lymphatic metastasis	Yes	42	26.75 ± 4.88^c	59.81 ± 8.48^c	44.76 ± 6.13^c
Tumor diameter	< 5 cm	49	19.61 ± 4.67	47.02 ± 8.55	35.26 ± 6.62
Tumor diameter	≥ 5 cm	38	28.95 ± 5.01^d	60.14 ± 9.31^d	49.13 ± 6.89^d

^aP < 0.05, compared with age < 45 years.

^bP < 0.05, compared with TNM stage I-II.

^cP < 0.05, compared with no lymph node metastasis.

^dP < 0.05, compared with tumor diameter < 5 cm.

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; CA724: Carbohydrate antigen 724.

Table 7 Comparison of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 724 levels before and after operation in 87 patients with gastric cancer

Group	n	CEA (ng/mL)	CA199 (U/mL)	CA724 (U/mL)
Before procedure	87	33.11 ± 3.63	57.72 ± 6.64	31.23 ± 3.45
After procedure	87	7.24 ± 1.81	14.23 ± 2.37	4.12 ± 1.12
t value		59.488	57.536	69.712
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; CA724: Carbohydrate antigen 724.

Citation: Wang R, Zuo CL, Zhang R, Zhu LM. Carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 724 in gastric cancer and their relationship with clinical prognosis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15(8): 1475-1485
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v15/i8/1475.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v15.i8.1475