Unveiling the secrets of gastrointestinal mucous adenocarcinoma survival after surgery with artificial intelligence: A population-based study

Figure 1 The endoscopic, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry photos of gastrointestinal mucous adenocarcinoma. A: The endoscopic photos of gastrointestinal mucous adenocarcinoma (GMA), including mucinous gastric adenocarcinoma (MGA), mucinous duodenal adenocarcinoma (MDA), and mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MCA). MGA, ulcer lesions on the posterior wall of the gastric body, with white coating and jelly-like material on the surface. MDA, duodenal bulb ulcer bleeding with accumulation of transparent jelly-like material. MCA, the electronic colonoscope was inserted 90 cm through the anus. There was a raised lesion with a diameter of about 5 cm, and the surface was covered with yellow and white coating; B: Hematoxylin-eosin staining of GMA; C: Immunohistochemistry results of MCA, MUC-2, CK-20, and CDX-2 were positive while CK-7 was negative. MGA: Mucinous gastric adenocarcinoma; MDA: Mucinous duodenal adenocarcinoma; MCA: Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Figure 2 Flowchart for this research. SEER: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results.

Figure 3 Visual presentation of collected patients’ data. A: The flow of categorical variables; B: The distribution of numerical variables.

Figure 4 Deep learning-based tool to predict gastrointestinal mucous carcinoma patients’ overall survival after surgery. A: The structure of neural network; B: The receiver operating characteristic curves of it; C: The instruction for its use. OS: Overall survival.

Figure 5 Survival analysis of gastrointestinal mucous adenocarcinoma patients. A: Kaplan-Meier curve was used to compare the prognosis of different sites’ gastrointestinal mucous adenocarcinoma (GMA); B: The protective and risk factors of GMA, revealed by Cox proportional hazard regression. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001.