Managing end-stage carcinoid heart disease: A case report and literature review

Figure 1  Octreoscan imaging showing radiopharmaceutical accumulation in the heart, thoracic spine, liver, intestine, duodenum and ascendant colon, paraaortic lymph nodes, and one focal lesion within the pelvis.

Figure 2 Capsule endoscopy findings. A: An erythematous mucosa of the proximal ileum; B: An erythematous mucosa of the medial part of the ileum; C: An erythematous mucosa of the distal ileum; D: An erythematous mucosa with villous denudation in the distal ileum; E: A single erosion (circled) in the distal ileum.

Figure 3 Transthoracic echocardiography. A: The dilated right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) with typical thickening and retraction of immobile tricuspid valve leaflets (arrow); B: Color Doppler tracing of severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR); C: Thickening and retraction of immobile tricuspid valve leaflets and associated mild tricuspid stenosis with area of 2.2 cm² (arrow). LA: Left atrium; LV: Left ventricle.