Interaction mechanisms between autophagy and ferroptosis: Potential role in colorectal cancer

Figure 1 Mechanisms of ferroptosis (created by Figdraw). TXNRD1: Thioredoxin reductase 1; GSS: Glutathione synthetase; GSH: Glutathione; GSSG: Oxidized glutathione; GSR: Glutathione-disulfide reductase; GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4; PLOOH: Phospholipid hydroperoxides; PLOH: Phosphatidyl alcohol; Fe³⁺: Ferric ion; Fe²⁺: Ferrous ion; TF: Transferrin; TfR1: Transferrin receptor 1; STEAP3: Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3; LIP: labile iron pool; H₂O₂: Hydrogen peroxide; HO•: Hydroxyl radicals; PL•: Phospholipid radical; PLH: Phospholipid; PLO•: Phospholipid alkoxyl radical; PLOO•: Phospholipid peroxyl radical; PUFAs: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; PUFA-PL: Polyunsaturated-fatty-acid-containing phospholipid; ACSL4: Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4; LPCAT3: Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3; LOXs: Lipoxygenases; NRF2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; HO-1: Haem oxygenase 1; FSP1: Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1; CoQ₁₀: Ubiquinone; CoQ₁₀H₂: The reduced form of ubiquinone; p53: Tumor protein p53; DPP4: Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4; NOX1: A member of the NADPH oxidase protein family.

Figure 2 The interaction mechanisms between autophagy and ferroptosis in colorectal cancer (created by Figdraw). Fe²⁺: Ferrous ions; FTH1: Ferritin heavy chain 1; FTL: Ferritin light chain; NCOA4: Nuclear receptor coactivator 4; AMPK: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; BECN1: Beclin1; p62: sequestosome 1; NRF2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; KEAP1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; GPX4: Glutathione Peroxidase 4; LDs: Lipid droplets; Rab7: The small GTPase; HSC70: Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein; HSP90: Heat shock protein 90; LAMP2A: Lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A; CMA: Chaperone-mediated autophagy.