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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jun 15, 2026; 18(6): 117057
Published online Jun 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i6.117057
Published online Jun 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i6.117057
Adjuvant programmed death-1 inhibition combined with chemotherapy in resected pancreatic cancer: A real-world cohort study
Tang Cao, Xiang-Liang Deng, Jin Xiao, Xiao-Hong Tao, Xue-Lian Xiang, Xiao-Yan Liang, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Uni
Man Qiu, Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Uni
Author contributions: Cao T and Liang XY designed the study; Cao T, Deng XL, and Xiao J collected and analyzed the clinical data; Cao T performed the statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript; Tao XH and Xiang XL contributed to data interpretation and manuscript revision; Qiu M provided nursing and follow-up support; Liang XY supervised the study and critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
AI contribution statement: ChatGPT was used only for language polishing and writing assistance to improve readability, grammar, and academic English expression. It was not used for data generation, statistical analysis, scientific interpretation, or decision-making. All scientific content, including study design, data collection, statistical analysis, interpretation of results, and final academic conclusions, was independently completed by the authors based on original clinical data and professional expertise. We confirm that no AI tools were used for data generation, statistical analysis, scientific decision-making, study design, or image generation.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82273125; Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, No. CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0803; and High-level Medical Reserved Personnel Training Project of Chongqing, No. 2023GDRC009.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Approval No. 2025-333-01).
Informed consent statement: The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of this study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement.
Data sharing statement: The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to patient privacy and ethical restrictions, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Corresponding author: Xiao-Yan Liang, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. lxyan@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn
Received: November 27, 2025
Revised: December 23, 2025
Accepted: January 26, 2026
Published online: June 15, 2026
Processing time: 194 Days and 18.5 Hours
Revised: December 23, 2025
Accepted: January 26, 2026
Published online: June 15, 2026
Processing time: 194 Days and 18.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This real-world retrospective cohort study investigated the potential role of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor-based adjuvant therapy in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a population characterized by high recurrence risk after surgery. By comparing adjuvant chemotherapy alone with chemotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibition, this study demonstrated improved recurrence-free outcomes without an increase in severe treatment-related adverse events. These findings provide real-world clinical evidence supporting the feasibility of incorporating immunotherapy into postoperative adjuvant treatment strategies for resected PDAC.