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©The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Feb 15, 2026; 18(2): 115515
Published online Feb 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i2.115515
Published online Feb 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i2.115515
Impact of liver metastasis on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced colorectal cancer
Meng-Yue Xiang, Ze-Min Tuo, Xing-Kang Sa, Department of General Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
Peng Wang, Department of General Practice, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
Ji-Wen Bian, Department of Oncology, Qingdao Public Health Clinical Center, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
Xin-Ming Zhang, Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University), Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
Author contributions: Xiang MY was responsible for conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, software, resources, validation, writing - original draft, writing - review and editing; Tuo ZM was responsible for data curation, formal analysis, methodology, software, writing - original draft; Sa XK, Wang P and Bian JW was responsible for formal analysis, methodology, software, writing - review and editing; Zhang XM was responsible for conceptualization, investigation, methodology, project administration, resources, supervision, validation, writing - review and editing.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xin-Ming Zhang, MM, Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University), No. 4 Renmin Road, Shibei District, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China.
Received: October 20, 2025
Revised: November 12, 2025
Accepted: December 1, 2025
Published online: February 15, 2026
Processing time: 107 Days and 18.9 Hours
Revised: November 12, 2025
Accepted: December 1, 2025
Published online: February 15, 2026
Processing time: 107 Days and 18.9 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of liver metastasis on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). By pooling data from 16 studies involving 1203 patients, we found that liver me