Critical considerations for the management of gastrointestinal mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and pure neuroendocrine carcinomas

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v16.i12.4559

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Dec 15, 2024 (publication date) through Nov 14, 2024

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Dec 15, 2024; 16(12): 4559-4564
Published online Dec 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i12.4559

Critical considerations for the management of gastrointestinal mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and pure neuroendocrine carcinomas

Efstathios T Pavlidis, Ioannis N Galanis, Theodoros E Pavlidis

Efstathios T Pavlidis, Ioannis N Galanis, Theodoros E Pavlidis, The 2^nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece

Author contributions: Pavlidis TE, Galanis IN, and Pavlidis ET analyzed data, reviewed and approved the paper; Pavlidis TE designed research and contributed new analytic tools; Pavlidis ET performed research.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Theodoros E Pavlidis, Doctor, PhD, Emeritus Professor, Surgeon, The 2^nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece. pavlidth@auth.gr

Received: August 10, 2024
Revised: September 25, 2024
Accepted: October 18, 2024
Published online: December 15, 2024
Processing time: 94 Days and 7.5 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: The rare but steadily increasing number of gastrointestinal mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and pure neuroendocrine carcinomas require more radical treatment than slow-growing neuroendocrine neoplasms do and they are related to poor prognosis. They constitute a complicated diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The current management strategy begins with surgery and is followed by chemotherapy. New chemotherapeutics and novel biological agents for targeted therapy, along with immunotherapy broaden the range of therapeutic options, providing promising outcomes. Effective management should be individualized and multidisciplinary.