Application of G-quadruplex targets in gastrointestinal cancers: Advancements, challenges and prospects

Core Tip

Core Tip: G-quadruplexes are widely distributed in the human genome and have many functions. G-quadruplexes play double regulatory roles in transcription and translation. We focus on G-quadruplexes as novel therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal cancers. We summarize the application basis of G-quadruplexes in gastrointestinal cancers, including their distribution sites, structural characteristics, and physiological functions. We describe the current status of applications for the treatment of esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, as well as the associated challenges. We review prospective clinical applications of G-quadruplex targets, providing references for targeted treatment in gastrointestinal cancers.