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Shenoy S. Anal human papilloma viral infection and squamous cell carcinoma: Need objective biomarkers for risk assessment and surveillance guidelines. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14(2): 369-374 [PMID: 35317324 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i2.369]
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Feb 15, 2022; 14(2): 369-374 Published online Feb 15, 2022. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i2.369
Anal human papilloma viral infection and squamous cell carcinoma: Need objective biomarkers for risk assessment and surveillance guidelines
Santosh Shenoy
Santosh Shenoy, General Surgery, Kansas City VA Medical Center, University of Missouri - Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
Author contributions: Shenoy S conceived, researched and wrote the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose or any funding for this manuscript.
Corresponding author: Santosh Shenoy, FACS, MD, Professor, Surgeon, General Surgery, Kansas City VA Medical Center, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 4801 E Linwood, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States. shenoy2009@hotmail.com
Received: July 12, 2021 Peer-review started: July 12, 2021 First decision: October 3, 2021 Revised: October 4, 2021 Accepted: January 25, 2022 Article in press: January 25, 2022 Published online: February 15, 2022 Processing time: 213 Days and 11.2 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Human papilloma viral (HPV) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and are causally associated with 5%-10% of all cancers. High grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (anal intraepithelial neoplasia-3, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, carcinoma in situ) is a precursor for anal carcinoma. There is inconsistency and unpredictability of anal dysplasia and its progression to squamous cell cancer. There is an urgent need to identify and validate objective HPV biomarkers for better risk stratification for anal cancers. Extrapolating the data from cervical cancers, prospective longitudinal studies are needed incorporating high risk HPV genotyping testing, E6/E7 mRNA; and P16/Ki67 index on anal biopsies to establish optimal surveillance intervals.
