Regulation of CTNNB1 signaling in gastric cancer and stem cells

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v8.i8.592

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Aug 15, 2016; 8(8): 592-598
Published online Aug 15, 2016. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i8.592

Regulation of CTNNB1 signaling in gastric cancer and stem cells

Shihori Tanabe, Kazuhiko Aoyagi, Hiroshi Yokozaki, Hiroki Sasaki

Shihori Tanabe, Division of Risk Assessment, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Science, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan

Kazuhiko Aoyagi, Hiroki Sasaki, Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan

Hiroshi Yokozaki, Department of Pathology, Kobe University of Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan

Author contributions: Tanabe S wrote the paper; Aoyagi K, Yokozaki H and Sasaki H contributed critical revisions of the manuscript for important intellectual content.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that no conflicts of interest exist.

Correspondence to: Shihori Tanabe, PhD, Division of Risk Assessment, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Science, 1-18-1, Kami-yoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan. stanabe@nihs.go.jp

Telephone: +81-3-37001141 Fax: +81-3-37076950

Received: March 7, 2016
Peer-review started: March 7, 2016
First decision: April 18, 2016
Revised: April 22, 2016
Accepted: May 17, 2016
Article in press: May 27, 2016
Published online: August 15, 2016
Processing time: 154 Days and 15.5 Hours

Abstract

Recent research has shown that the alteration of combinations in gene expression contributes to cellular phenotypic changes. Previously, it has been demonstrated that the combination of cadherin 1 and cadherin 2 expression can identify the diffuse-type and intestinal-type gastric cancers. Although the diffuse-type gastric cancer has been resistant to treatment, the precise mechanism and phenotypic involvement has not been revealed. It may be possible that stem cells transform into gastric cancer cells, possibly through the involvement of a molecule alteration and signaling mechanism. In this review article, we focus on the role of catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1 or β-catenin) and describe the regulation of CTNNB1 signaling in gastric cancer and stem cells.

Keywords: CTNNB1 signaling; β-catenin; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Gastric cancer; Stem cell

Core tip: CTNNB1 signaling is essential for revealing cancer mechanisms. The molecular dynamism in stem cells and cancer is illustrated with a pathway cascade. The CTNNB1 protein interacts with signaling molecules upon stimulation, leading to the transcription of genes related to cell proliferation. Mutations of signaling molecules are also important factors for cancer development. CTNNB1 signaling in stem cells and cancer are mainly described in the article.