Xin Li, Xiao-Wei Wang, Hai Jin, Zhi-Sheng Piao, Tao Liu, Ren-Tong Gu
Ren-Tong Gu, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 201805, China
Tao Liu, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
Zhi-Sheng Piao, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 201805, China
Hai Jin, Xiao-Wei Wang, Xin Li, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
Co-first authors: Ren-Tong Gu and Tao Liu.
Co-corresponding authors: Xiao-Wei Wang and Xin Li.
Author contributions: Gu RT, Liu T, Wang XW, and Li X conceptualized the study; Gu RT and Liu T prepared the original draft, they contributed equally to this article, they are the co-first authors of this manuscript; Gu RT, Liu T, and Piao ZS conducted the investigation and formal analysis; Piao ZS curated the data; Wang XW, and Li X developed the methodology; Jin H, Wang XW, and Li X supervised the research and acquired funding; Wang XW and Li X reviewed and edited the manuscript they contributed equally to this article, they are the co-corresponding authors of this manuscript; and all authors reviewed and approved the final version for submission.
AI contribution statement: In the relevant documents responding to the reviewers’ comments, AI tools (Deepseek) was only used for language polishing (including grammar and spelling checks). It was not used for translation, data analysis, or any other form of writing assistance.
Supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, China, No. 15411951700.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai Changhai Hospital, approval No. CHEC2020-021.
Informed consent statement: All participants provided written informed consent after receiving a detailed explanation of the study purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and their rights.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: The raw sequencing data generated in this study have been deposited in the China National Genebank (CNGB,
https://db.cngb.org/cnsa/) under accession number CNP0001778. Non-sequencing raw data (including clinical records and imaging files) are subject to access restrictions in accordance with the Administrative Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Human Genetic Resources (
http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2019-06/10/content_5398829.htm). Processed analytical data (anonymized results) are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Researchers may apply for access to restricted datasets by submitting a formal request to
CNGBdb@cngb.org, specifying: (1) The study accession code (CNP0001778); (2) Detailed data requirements and (3) Intended research purpose.
Corresponding author: Xin Li, MD, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
717221600@qq.com
Received: March 12, 2026
Revised: March 30, 2026
Accepted: May 11, 2026
Published online: August 15, 2026
Processing time: 149 Days and 6.1 Hours
