Lipid metabolism-related genes in gastric cancer: Exploring oncogenic pathways

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v17.i8.106842

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Aug 15, 2025; 17(8): 106842
Published online Aug 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i8.106842

Lipid metabolism-related genes in gastric cancer: Exploring oncogenic pathways

Maaz Amir, Danyal Bakht, Syed Faqeer Hussain Bokhari, Rabia Yousaf, Asma Iqbal, Hashir Nazir, Muhammad Waleed, Mustabeen Zahra Naqvi, Maleeha Tahir, Wahidullah Dost

Maaz Amir, Danyal Bakht, Syed Faqeer Hussain Bokhari, Asma Iqbal, Hashir Nazir, Muhammad Waleed, Mustabeen Zahra Naqvi, Maleeha Tahir, Department of Medicine and Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan

Rabia Yousaf, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan

Wahidullah Dost, Curative Medicine, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul 10001, Afghanistan

Author contributions: Amir M, Bakht D, Bokhari SFH, Yousaf R, Iqbal A, Nazir H, Waleed M, Naqvi MZ, Tahir M, and Dost W have made significant contributions to the research and manuscript preparation; Amir M contributed to the data analysis and assisted with the manuscript writing; Bakht D played a key role in conducting the literature review and critically editing the manuscript; Bokhari SFH provided valuable expertise in the experimental design and methodology; Yousaf R contributed to drafting the manuscript and coordinated the revision process; Iqbal A was involved in the data collection and interpretation; Nazir H assisted with the data analysis and reviewed the manuscript for accuracy; Waleed M was responsible for the overall conceptualization of the study and contributed to the final revisions of the manuscript; Naqvi MZ supported the literature review process and wrote the introduction section; Tahir M contributed to the data analysis and provided guidance on the statistical methods; Dost W led the research, supervised the study, and was the principal author of the manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Corresponding author: Wahidullah Dost, Researcher, Curative Medicine, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Karte-e-sakhi Kabul, Kabul 10001, Afghanistan. wahidullahdost96@gmail.com

Received: March 9, 2025
Revised: April 12, 2025
Accepted: June 24, 2025
Published online: August 15, 2025
Processing time: 158 Days and 22.5 Hours

Abstract

Lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in gastric cancer (GC) progression, characterized by complex metabolic reprogramming that supports tumor growth and survival. This narrative review comprehensively examines the dysregulation of lipid metabolism-associated genes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN), ATP-citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylases, FA binding proteins, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, and other key enzymes. These genes facilitate critical oncogenic processes by enhancing FA synthesis, modifying cellular signaling, and supporting cancer cell proliferation, migration, and therapy resistance. Metabolic adaptations observed in GC include increased de novo lipogenesis, altered enzymatic activities, and modified protein lipidation, which contribute to tumor aggressiveness. The review highlights the potential of targeting these metabolic pathways as a therapeutic strategy, demonstrating how inhibiting specific enzymes like FASN, ATP-citrate lyase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 can induce apoptosis, disrupt cancer stem cell properties, and potentially overcome treatment resistance. By elucidating the intricate interactions between lipid metabolism genes and cancer progression, this review provides insights into novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for managing GC.

Keywords: Lipid metabolism; Gastric cancer; Oncogenic pathways; Fatty acid synthesis; Metabolic reprogramming

Core Tip: Dysregulation of lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in gastric cancer (GC) progression by supporting tumor growth, migration, and therapy resistance. This review explores the oncogenic pathways involving key lipid metabolism-associated genes, including fatty acid synthase, ATP-citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylases, fatty acid binding proteins, and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, highlighting their role in metabolic reprogramming. Targeting these pathways offers promising therapeutic strategies, as inhibiting lipid biosynthesis enzymes can induce apoptosis and disrupt cancer stem cell properties. Understanding the intricate link between lipid metabolism and GC may pave the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.