Characteristics of gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with colorectal polyps

Abstract

This editorial, inspired by a recent study published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, covers the research findings on microbiota changes in various diseases. In recurrent colorectal polyps, the abundances of Klebsiella, Parvimonas, and Clostridium increase, while those of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus decrease. This dysbiosis may promote the formation and recurrence of polyps. Similar microbial changes have also been observed in colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, autism spectrum disorder, and metabolic syndrome, indicating the role of increased pathogens and decreased probiotics in these conditions. Regulating the gut microbiota, particularly by increasing probiotic levels, may help prevent polyp recurrence and promote gut health. This microbial intervention strategy holds promise as an adjunctive treatment for patients with colorectal polyps.

Keywords: Recurrent colorectal polyps; Gut microbiota dysbiosis; Klebsiella; Probiotics; Intestinal inflammation; Microbial intervention strategy

Core Tip: This review addresses gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with recurrent colorectal polyps, noting increased levels of Klebsiella, Parvimonas, and Clostridium and decreased levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. This dysbiosis may promote polyp formation and recurrence by creating an inflammatory gut environment. A reduction in probiotics weakens intestinal barrier function, while an increase in pathogens further degrades the gut through their metabolic products and toxins. These changes are also observed in colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, autism spectrum disorder, and metabolic syndrome. Regulating the gut microbiota, particularly by increasing the use of probiotics, may restore gut health and prevent polyp recurrence. Future research should explore specific mechanisms and evaluate long-term effects.