Critical biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma in body fluids and gut microbiota

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.2219

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Dec 15, 2021 (publication date) through Mar 2, 2026

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Dec 15, 2021; 13(12): 2219-2222
Published online Dec 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.2219

Critical biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma in body fluids and gut microbiota

Lekshmi R Nath, Maneesha Murali, Bhagyalakshmi Nair

Lekshmi R Nath, Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India

Maneesha Murali, Bhagyalakshmi Nair, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India

Author contributions: Nath LR designed the draft; Murali M and Nair B performed a literature review; Nath LR and Nair B analyzed data; Nath LR and Murali M wrote the letter; Nath LR revised the paper.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors did not have any conflict of interest.

Corresponding author: Lekshmi R Nath, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi 682041, Kerala, India. lekshmirnath@aims.amrita.edu

Received: May 31, 2021
Peer-review started: May 31, 2021
First decision: June 26, 2021
Revised: July 15, 2021
Accepted: November 5, 2021
Article in press: November 5, 2021
Published online: December 15, 2021
Processing time: 197 Days and 16.3 Hours

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and one of the major causes of cancer-related death. The development of specific non-invasive or diagnostic markers from blood, urine and feces may represent a valuable tool for detecting HCC at an early stage. Biomarkers are considered novel potential targets for therapeutic intervention. It helps in the prediction of prognosis or recurrence of HCC, and also assist in the selection of appropriate treatment modality. We summarize the most relevant existing data about various biomarkers that play a key role in the progression of HCC.

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Biomarker; Body fluids; Blood; Gut microbiota

Core Tip: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks fourth among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. The development of specific noninvasive or diagnostic markers from blood, urine and feces may represent a valuable tool for detecting HCC at an early stage. Biomarkers help in the prediction of prognosis or recurrence, selection of appropriate treatment modality, and signify novel potential targets for therapeutic interventions. We summarize the most relevant existing data about various biomarkers involved in the progression of HCC.