Advancement of chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells targeting hepatocellular carcinoma

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.2029

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Dec 15, 2021; 13(12): 2029-2037
Published online Dec 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.2029

Advancement of chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells targeting hepatocellular carcinoma

Kai Dai, Yin Wu, Sha She, Qian Zhang

Kai Dai, Yin Wu, Sha She, Qian Zhang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China

Author contributions: Dai K performed the majority of the writing and prepared the table; Wu Y, She S and Zhang Q carried out the literature review for data collection, and coordinated the writing of the paper; all authors have read and approve the final manuscript.

Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81972673.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Corresponding author: Kai Dai, MD, PhD, Doctor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China. daikai@whu.edu.cn

Received: February 20, 2021
Peer-review started: February 20, 2021
First decision: July 29, 2021
Revised: August 4, 2021
Accepted: October 27, 2021
Article in press: October 27, 2021
Published online: December 15, 2021
Processing time: 297 Days and 10.2 Hours

Abstract

With the advance of genome engineering technology, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)-based immunotherapy has become an emerging therapeutic strategy for tumors. Although initially designed for T cells in tumor immunotherapy, CARs have been exploited to modify the function of natural killer (NK) cells against a variety of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CAR-NK cells have the potential to sufficiently kill tumor antigen-expressing HCC cells, independent of major histocompatibility complex matching or prior priming. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in genetic engineering of CAR-NK cells against HCC and discuss the current challenges and prospects of CAR-NK cells as a revolutionary cellular immunotherapy against HCC.

Keywords: Chimeric antigen receptors; Natural killer cells; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Immunotherapy; Genome engineering

Core Tip: Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)-based immunotherapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy for tumors. This review summarizes the recent advances in genetic engineering of CAR-natural killer (NK) cells against hepatocellular carcinoma and discuss the current challenges and prospects of CAR-NK cells as a revolutionary cellular immunotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma.