Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography associated perforations: 10-year experience of a large volume center

Table 1 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography associated perforations, clinical course and outcomes

Patient	Localization of the perforation1	Perforation type according to Stapfer	Imaging performed	Modality of imaging confirming perforation	Primary treatment, effectiveness	Surgery performed	Hospitalization in ICU	Clavien-Dindo grade	Hospitalization time (days)
1	3	1			Endoscopic, yes		+	3b	13
2	2	3			Endoscopic, no	Laparotomy	+	3b	33
3	3	1	+	CT	Surgery, no	Laparotomy	+	5	5
4	3	4	+	CT	Observation, yes			1	9
5	1	3	+	CT	Endoscopic, no		+	5	4
6	1	3	+	CT	Endoscopic + surgical, no	Laparoscopy	+	5	26
7	1	4	+	Ultrasound	Observation, yes			3b	17
8	3	1	+	CT	Surgery, no	Laparotomy	+	5	5
9	2	3	+	CT	Endoscopic, no	Laparotomy	+	4b	32
10	1	3	+	Ultrasound	Endoscopic, no	Laparoscopy	+	3b	70
11	1	3	+	CT	Endoscopic, yes		+	3b	24
12	3	2	+	CT	Endoscopic, no	Laparotomy	+	5	8
13	2	3			Endoscopic, yes			1	13
14	3	1	+	Ultrasound	Surgery, yes	Laparotomy		3b	20
15	3	3			Endoscopic, yes			2	23
16	3	1	+	Ultrasound	Endoscopic, yes			3b	15
17	1	2			Endoscopic, yes			1	7
18	1	2			Endoscopic, yes			3b	5
19	3	1	+	CT	Endosopic + surgical, yes	Laparotomy	+	3b	168
20	1	3	+	Ultrasound	Surgery, yes	Laparotomy	+	3b	22

¹Localization of the perforation: 1 biliary tract; 2 pancreatic duct; 3 duodenum.

ICU: Intensive care unit; CT: Computed tomography.