Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage for bilirubin normalization in distal malignant biliary obstruction: A focused review

Table 1 Summary of studies reporting on the effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage for bilirubin normalization in distal malignant biliary obstruction

	Study type and period	Number	EUS-GBD intention	Bilirubin normalization (%)	Bilirubin normalization definition	Time to bilirubin normalization (days)	TS (%)	CS (%)	CS definition	CTX administration (%)	AEs (%)	Median follow-up (days)
Debourdeau et al[20]	RMC; 2018-2022	41	After ERCP failure		Total bilirubin at day 28 (< 2.8 mg/dL)		100	87.8	> 50% decrease in total bilirubin at day 7 or normalization at day 28	47.4	9.8	158
Martínez-Moreno et al[21]	RMC; 2016-2024	96	After ERCP and/or EUS-BD failure	65.6	Total bilirubin (< 3 mg/dL)	15 (7-27)	99	78.1	≥ 50% decrease in total; bilirubin at day 14	57.1	26.3	72
Chieng et al[22]	RMC; 2017-2023	26	After ERCP and/or EUS-BD failure	19.2	Full bilirubin normalization over the follow-up		100	100	Improvement in bilirubin and/or jaundice within 72 h of the procedure	87.5	50.0	103

RMC: Retrospective multicenter cohort; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; GBD: Gallbladder drainage; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; BD: Biliary drainage; TS: Technical success; CS: Clinical success; CTX: Chemotherapy; AE: Adverse event.