Bowel preparation for small bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected or established Crohn’s disease

Table 1 Patient characteristics, n (%)

	Non-preparation group (n = 25)	Preparation group (n = 32)	P value
Age, years, median (IQR)	17 (16-24)	28 (18-42)	0.08
Male	14 (56)	19 (59)	1.00
Weight, kg, median (IQR)	53.0 (44.6-64.2)	53.0 (43.5-62.9)	0.968
BMI, median (IQR)	19.4 (17.9-21.4)	20.0 (17.5-23.6)	0.546
Smoking	3 (12)	9 (28)	0.248
History of diabetes	0 (0)	2 (6)	1.00
History of constipation	0 (0)	1 (3)	1.00
Suspected CD	6 (24)	4 (13)	0.308
Established CD	19 (76)	28 (87)	0.308
Disease location
Ileal	4 (21)	4 (14)	0.833
Ileocolonic	15 (79)	20 (62)	0.737
Colonic	0 (0)	4 (14)	0.137
Disease behavior
B1	18 (95)	23 (82)	0.378
B2	1 (5)	4 (14)	0.635
B3	0 (0)	1 (4)	1.00
Perianal lesion	9 (47)	18 (64)	0.479
HBI, median (IQR)	5 (3-7)	3 (1-6)	0.12
CRP, g/mL, median (IQR)	0.44 (0.11-2.01)	0.21 (0.07-0.51)	0.189
Current therapy1
ED	8 (42)	8 (29)	0.357
5-ASA	5 (26)	16 (57)	0.075
Budesonide	1 (5)	0 (0)	0.396
Prednisolone	1 (5)	2 (7)	1.00
IM	0 (0)	4 (14)	0.11
Biologics	3 (16)	12 (42)	0.11

¹There is a duplication.

IQR: Interquartile range; BMI: Body mass index; CD: Crohn’s disease; HBI: Harvey-Bradshaw index; CRP: C-reactive protein; ED: Elemental diet; IM: Immunomodulator.

Table 2 Results of small bowel capsule endoscopy

	Non-preparation group (n = 25)	Preparation group (n = 32)	P value
Complete SBCE	92.0 (23/25)	90.6 (29/32)	1.00
Lesion detection rate	95.6 (22/23)	96.6 (28/29)	1.00
Gastric transit time (minutes), median (IQR)	103 (31-150)	54 (33-71)	0.1
Small bowel transit time (minutes), median (IQR)	234 (195-348)	217 (174-325)	0.692
Visibility score, median (IQR)	3.1 (2.5-3.6)	2.9 (2.3-3.4)	0.50
Findings
Erosion	59 (13/22)	76 (22/29)	0.358
Ulcer	46 (10/22)	55 (16/29)	0.775
Cobblestone appearance	9 (2/22)	6 (2/32)	1.00
Others	9 (2/22)	6 (2/22)	1.00

SBCE: Small bowel capsule endoscopy; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 3 Subgroup analysis of clinical outcome

	Patient with HBI < 5 (n = 28)			Patient with HBI ≥ 5 (n = 19)
	Non-preparation group (n = 9)	Preparation group (n = 19)	P value	Non-preparation group (n = 11)	Preparation group (n = 8)	P value
Complete SBCE	100 (9/9)	94.7 (18/19)	1	81.8 (9/11)	87.5 (7/8)	1
Lesion detection rate	100 (9/9)	100 (18/18)	1	88.9 (8/9)	85.7 (6/7)	1
Gastric transit time (minutes), median (IQR)	99 (32-141)	50 (31-74)	0.28	103 (23-194)	58 (49-74)	0.79
Small bowel transit time (minutes), median (IQR)	236 (168-254)	278 (171-345)	0.4	234 (213-384)	215 (191-261)	0.54
Visibility score, median (IQR)	3.2 (2.9-3.6)	2.8 (2.4-3.2)	0.15	2.6 (2.5-3.3)	2.6 (2.3-3.0)	0.73

HBI: Harvey-Bradshaw index; SBCE: Small bowel capsule endoscopy; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 4 Adverse events, n (%)

	Non-preparation group (n = 25)	Preparation group (n = 32)
Adverse event
Nausea	0 (0)	3 (9)
Abdominal discomfort	0 (0)	1 (3)
Bowel obstruction	0 (0)	1 (3)