Endoscopic treatment modalities for colonic diverticular bleeding: A systematic review with direct and network meta-analyses

Table 1 Direct meta-analysis evaluating initial hemostasis, early rebleeding, and late rebleeding

Clinic outcomes	Endoscopic clipping			Endoscopic band ligation			Endoscopic detachable snare ligation
	Sample size	Total events	Pooled rate (95%CI)	Sample size	Total events	Pooled rate (95%CI)	Sample size	Total events	Pooled rate (95%CI)
Initial hemostasis	2935	2836	98.2 (97.3-99.2)	1254	1209	97.7 (96.4-99.1)	240	216	94.7 (80-98.8)
Early rebleeding	2934	680	23.5 (20.4-26.9)	1232	154	10.7 (6.9-14.5)	237	28	10.6 (3.5-28.3)
Late rebleeding	2470	826	27.2 (20.9-34.4)	872	207	13.8 (2.9-24.7)	237	7	2.7 (0.04-16.2)
Need for surgery	1621	84	4.0 (1.9-6.1)	1014	22	2.6 (1.8-3.9)	NR	NR	NR

NR: Not reported.

Table 2 Network meta-analysis evaluating initial hemostasis, early rebleeding, and late rebleeding

Outcomes		Band	Clip	Snare	Rank
Initial hemostasis	Band		0.49 (0.43-5.58)	2.04 (0.18-23.22)	Snare = 72, band = 44, clip = 33
	Clip	1.06 (0.67-1.69)	-	2.17 (0.18-25.75)		Q = 24%, τ2 = 0, τ = 0, I2 = 0%, P = 0.62
	Snare	0.49 (0.43-5.58)	0.46 (0.04-5.49)
Early rebleeding					Band = 77, snare = 73, clip = 13	τ = 0.15, Q = 14%, I2 = 36.7, P = 0.11
	Band	-	0.28 (0.17-0.45)	0.88 (0.39-1.95)
	Clip	3.57 (2.22-5.74)	-	3.13 (1.40-6.99)
	Snare	1.14 (0.51-2.53)	0.32 (0.14-0.71)	-
Late rebleeding					Snare = 96, band = 52, clip = 7
	Band	-	0.64 (0.35-1.16)	3.89 (0.63-23.89)
	Clip	1.56 (0.86-2.85)	-	6.08 (0.90-41.4)		Q = 5%, τ2 = 0.172, I2 = 61%, P = 0.08
	Snare	0.26 (0.04-1.58)	0.16 (0.02-1.11)	-