Endoscopic ultrasound-guided coil embolization for gastric varices: A promising alternative to traditional therapies

Table 1 Studies evaluating endoscopic ultrasound-guided coil embolization, endoscopic ultrasound-guided cyanoacrylate injection, or a combination of both evaluating their efficacy in variceal obliteration, risk of rebleeding, and adverse events since 2022

Intervention	Year	Ref.	Study type	Number of patients (n)	Variceal obliteration (%)	Re-bleeding (%)	Adverse events1 (%)
Coils	2020	Robles-Medranda et al[38]	Single-center RCT	30	90	26.9	0
Coils + CYA	2020	Robles-Medranda et al[38]	Single-center RCT	30	100	3.4	0
Coils + CYA	2021	Kouanda et al[36]	Retrospective analysis	62	96.7	3.2	2.5
Coils + CYA	2022	Baig et al[47]	Meta-analysis	323	96.76	5.09	2.2
Coils + CYA	2024	Chen et al[48]	Retrospective analysis	21	90.5	4.8	-
CYA	2024	Chen et al[48]	Retrospective analysis	36	70.6	27.8	-
Coils2	2024	Bazarbashi et al[46]	Retrospective analysis	106	73.6	15.2	1.8

¹Only major adverse events such as systemic embolization were accounted for.

²82% of patients required adjunctive glue or absorbable gelatin sponge injection.

RCT: Randomized control trial; CYA: Cyanoacrylate.