Safety and efficacy of modified endoscopic ultrasound-guided selective N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injections for gastric variceal hemorrhage in left-sided portal hypertension

Table 1 Study population and comparison of two groups, n (%)

Value	Modified group (n = 11)	Conventional group (n = 16)	P value
Age (yr)	46.6 ± 11.6	47.9 ± 10.2	0.756
Gender			1.000
Female	4 (36.4)	5 (31.3)
Male	7 (63.6)	11 (68.8)
Etiology			0.932
Pancreatitis	2 (18.1)	3 (18.8)
Pancreatic pseudocyst	4 (36.4)	4 (25.0)
Walled-off necrosis	4 (36.4)	8 (50.0)
Pancreatic tumors	1 (9.1)	1 (6.2)

Table 2 Endoscopic operation and follow-up data of two groups, n (%)

Value	Modified group (n = 11)	Conventional group (n = 16)	P value
Technical success rates	11/11 (100)	16/16 (100)
Clinical success rates	10/11 (90.9)	16/16 (100)	0.407
Operation time (min)	71.9 ± 11.9	22.5 ± 6.7	< 0.001
NBC doses (mL)	2.0 ± 0.6	3.1 ± 1.0	0.004
Perioperative complications			1.000
Ectopic embolization	0/11 (0)	0/16 (0)
Local venous thrombosis	0/11 (0)	0/16 (0)
Extravascular injection	0/11 (0)	0/16 (0)
Severe new-onset bleeding	0/11 (0)	1/16 (6.3)
Early appearance of glue ulcers	0/11 (0)	0/16 (0)
Postoperative hospital stay (d)	4.4 ± 1.6	5.8 ± 2.2	0.072
Recurrent bleeding			0.624
Rebleeding in 1 mo	0/11 (0)	0/16 (0)
Rebleeding in 1-3 mo	0/11 (0)	1/16 (6.3)
Rebleeding in 4-6 mo	1/11 (9.1)	2/16 (12.5)