Quality of bowel preparation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease undergoing colonoscopy: What factors to consider?

Table 1 Anterograde and retrograde bowel preparation regimens studied in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Ref.	Year	Design	n	IBD	Bowel preparation	Split dosing considered	Low fiber diet considered	Main result (success), %	Post-colonoscopy IBD flare-up rate, % (days after colonoscopy)	Severe AEs
Gould et al[13]	1982	CT	23	UC: 23	Castor oil 30 mL	-	YES	82.6	26 (14-21 d)	NO
Gould et al[13]	1982	CT	23	UC: 23	Sennosides 75 mg	-	YES	86.9	48 (14-21 d)	NO
Lazzaroni et al[15]	1993	CT	48	UC: 26; CD: 23	4 L PEG-ELS plus placebo	YES	-	96	-	NO
Lazzaroni et al[15]	1993	CT	57	UC: 35; CD: 21	4 L PEG-ELS plus simethicone	YES	-	96	-	NO
Manes et al[53]	2015	CT	106	UC: 106	2 L PEG plus bisacodyl	YES	YES	83	-	NO
Manes et al[53]	2015	CT	105	UC: 105	4 L PEG-ELS	YES	YES	77.1	-	NO
Kim et al[22]	2017	CT	53	UC: 53	4 L PEG-ELS	YES	YES	96.2	5.7 (7 d); 1.9 (28 d)	NO
Kim et al[22]	2017	CT	56	UC: 56	2 L PEG plus ascorbate	YES	YES	92.9	3.6 (7 d); 1.8 (28 d)	NO
Briot et al[31]	2019	nCT Prospective		UC: 21; CD: 57; Unspecified IBD: 2	Picosulphate-based regimen	YES	YES	78.4	0	NO
Bezzio et al[39]	2020	nCTProspective	189	UC: 63; CD: 63	2 L PEG-ELS plus simethicone	YES	-	UC: 89.8; CD: 86.2	-	NO
Maida et al[25]	2021	nCT Retrospective	185	UC: 95; CD: 90	1 L PEG plus ascorbate solution	YES	YES	92.9	-	NO
Mohsen et al[30]	2021	CT	61	-	2 L Sodium; picosulphate, magnesium citrate PEG	YES	YES	89.5	-	NO
Mohsen et al[30]	2021	CT	64	-	2 L PEG plus ascorbate solution	YES	YES		-	NO
Neri et al[29]	2021	nCT Prospective	103	UC: 47; CD: 56	1 L PEG-ELS	YES	YES	85.4	-	NO
Kim et al[32]	2022	nCT Prospective	52	UC: 35; CD: 17	2 L PEG plus ascorbate	YES	YES	98.1	0 (7 and 28 d)	NO
Kim et al[32]	2022	nCT Prospective	55	UC: 37; CD: 18	Novel oral sulphate tablets	YES	YES	98.1	3,63 (7 and 28 d)	NO
Gajera et al[51]	2022	nCT Retrospective	318	UC: 182; CD: 104; Unspecified IBD: 28	Colonic lavage	Not applicable	YES	97	-	NO

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; PEG: Polyethylene glycol; ELS: Electrolyte lavage solution; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; CT: Clinical trial; nCT: Non-clinical trial.

Table 2 Case reports on patients with known inflammatory bowel disease and relevant adverse events related to bowel preparation

Ref.	Bowel preparation	Age	IBD	Gender	AE	Comorbidity	IBD therapy	Outcome
Loraine et al[34]	Sodium picosulphate/magnesium oxide/citric acid	73	CD	F	Shock	Severe COPD, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiomyopathy, diverticular disease	Azathioprine	Dead
Gonlusen et al[35]	Sodium picosulphate	56	CD	F	Acute renal failure	GERD, healed gastric ulcer, endometriosis, mitral valve prolapse, migraine	None	Favourable

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; CD: Crohn’s disease; F: Female; AE: Adverse event; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.