Comparative outcomes of laparoscopic vs open pancreaticoduodenectomy in early-stage pancreatic cancer

Figure 1 Forest plot of perioperative outcomes comparing laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy vs open pancreaticoduodenectomy. The left panel shows MD for continuous outcomes (operative time, blood loss, length of stay), with the right panel displaying log odds ratios for binary outcomes (transfusion, complications, pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying, readmission, mortality). Points represent estimates, with horizontal bars indicating 95% confidence intervals. P-values for each outcome are shown. LOS: Length of stay; CD: Clavien-Dindo; DGE: Delayed gastric emptying; LPD: Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy; OPD: Open pancreaticoduodenectomy; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survivalcomparing laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy vs open pancreaticoduodenectomy. Survival probabilities are presented over 24 months, with shaded areas indicating 95% confidence intervals. The risk table below displays the number of patients at risk at each time point. The log-rank test yielded a P-value of 0.65, indicating no significant difference. LPD: Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy; OPD: Open pancreaticoduodenectomy.