Occult hepatitis B virus infection and surgical outcomes in non-B, non-C patients with curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Status of occult hepatitis B virus infection (n = 78)

Occult HBV infection (%)
(+)	27 (34.6)
(−)	51 (65.4)
Details of HBV amplification
HBc lesion (%)	23 (29.4)
HBs lesion (%)	50 (64.1)
HBx lesion (%)	32 (41.0)
Amplification of at least one lesion (%)	64 (82.1)

HBV: Hepatitis B virus.

Table 2 Clinicopathologic features of the patients with non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 78) according to occult hepatitis B virus infection status

	Total cases (n = 78)	OBI (n = 27)	Non-OBI (n = 51)	P1
Age (mean ± SD)	66.3 ± 11.9	63.0 ± 17.0	68.1 ± 7.6	0.0334
Gender (%)				0.6066
Male	61 (78.2)	22 (81.5)	39 (79.5)
Female	17 (21.8)	5 (18.5)	12 (20.5)
Alcohol abuse (%)				0.8151
(+)	19 (24.4)	7 (25.9)	12 (23.5)
(-)	59 (75.6)	20 (74.1)	39 (77.1)
Diabetes mellitus (%)				0.106
(+)	27 (34.6)	10 (37.0)	17 (33.3)
(-)	51 (65.4)	17 (63.0)	34 (66.7)
Obesity (%)				0.4966
(+)	24 (30.8)	7 (25.9)	17 (33.3)
(-)	54 (69.2)	20 (74.1)	34 (66.7)
BMI (mean ± SD)	22.7 ± 4.56	22.1 ± 3.67	23.1 ± 4.97	0.3537
Size (mean ± SD), mm	64.2 ± 41.8	72.7 ± 45.6	59.8 ± 39.4	0.1955
Solitary/multiple (%)				0.8959
Solitary	47 (60.3)	16 (59.3)	31 (60.8)
Multiple	31 (39.7)	11 (40.7)	20 (39.2)
Vp (%)				0.7217
(+)	31 (39.7)	10 (37.0)	21 (41.2)
(-)	47 (60.2)	17 (60.3)	30 (58.8)
Liver fibrosis (%)				0.2851
F0-2	44 (56.4)	13 (48.2)	31 (60.8)
F3-4	34 (43.6)	14 (51.8)	20 (39.2)
NASH (%)				0.007
(+)	8 (10.3)	0	8 (15.7)
(−)	70 (89.7)	27	43 (84.3)
No. of etiologies				0.00572
Single	38 (48.7)	11 (40.7)	27 (52.9)
Multiple	25 (32.1)	16 (59.3)	9 (17.7)
Unknown	15 (19.2)	0	15 (29.4)

¹Comparison between OBI and non-OBI cases;

²Analysis excluding unknown cases. OBI: Occult HBV infection; Vp: Portal vein invasion; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 3 Uni- and multi-variate analyses for disease-free survival after hepatic resection

Characteristic	n	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		HR (95%CI)	P-value	HR (95%CI)	P-value
Age			0.316		0.1007
≤ 69	39	1		1
> 69	39	0.74 (0.40-1.33)		0.58 (0.30-1.11)
Gender			0.4847		0.298
Female	17	1		1
Male	61	0.78 (0.41-1.60)		0.66 (0.31-1.41)
Occult HBV infection			0.8739		0.7096
Absent	51	1		1
Present	27	1.05 (0.55-1.93)		1.13 (0.59-2.17)
Alcohol abuse			0.2752
Absent	59	1
Present	19	0.66 (0.28-1.35)
Diabetes mellitus			0.8853
Absent	51	1
Present	27	0.95 (0.49-1.78)
NASH			0.6226
Absent	70	1
Present	8	1.25 (0.47-2.75)
Obesity			0.7641
Absent	54	1
Present	24	1.10 (0.57-2.02)
Fibrosis			0.1477		0.2273
F0-2	44	1		1
F3, 4	34	1.54 (0.86-2.80)		1.54 (0.78-2.81)
Vp			0.0013		0.0217
Absent	47	1		1
Present	31	2.90 (1.53-5.50)		2.52 (1.15-5.50)
T12/T34			0.0006		0.4074
T12	38	1		1
T34	40	3.14 (1.62-6.43)		1.57 (0.53-4.67)
Solitary/multiple			0.0002		0.0499
Solitary	47	1		1
Multiple	31	3.23 (1.73-6.14)		2.32 (0.99-5.42)

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; Vp: Portal vein invasion; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.

Table 4 Uni- and multi-variate analyses for overall survival after hepatic resection

Characteristic	n	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		HR (95%CI)	P-value	HR (95%CI)	P-value
Age			0.8321		0.6843
≤ 69	39	1		1
> 69	39	0.94 (0.50-1.73)		0.87 (0.45-1.67)
Gender			0.2713		0.342
Female	17	1		1
Male	61	1.54 (0.73-3.80)		1.51 (0.68-3.85)
Occult HBV infection			0.6039		0.5263
Absent	51	1		1
Present	27	1.18 (0.61-2.20)		1.23 (0.63-2.31)
Alcohol abuse			0.3061
Absent	59	1
Present	19	1.45 (0.69-2.82)
Diabetes mellitus			0.2441
Absent	51	1
Present	27	1.45 (0.76-2.67)
NASH			0.7366
Absent	70	1
Present	8	0.84 (0.25-2.10)
Obesity			0.9432
Absent	54	1
Present	24	1.02 (0.51-1.93)
Fibrosis			0.7084
F0-2	44	1
F3,4	34	1.12 (0.60-2.06)
Vp			0.022		0.0378
Absent	47	1		1
Present	31	2.06 (1.11-3.81)		2.34 (1.05-5.24)
T12/T34			0.0767		0.3344
T12	38	1		1
T34	40	1.73 (0.94-3.27)		0.58 (0.20-1.73)
Solitary/multiple			0.0334		0.0809
Solitary	47	1		1
Multiple	31	1.94 (1.05-3.58)		2.17 (0.92-5.25)

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; Vp: Portal vein invasion; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.

Table 5 Uni- and multi-variate analyses for disease-specific survival after hepatic resection

Characteristic	n	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		HR (95%CI)	P-value	HR (95%CI)	P-value
Age			0.4181		0.2941
≤ 69	39	1		1
> 69	39	0.74 (0.34-1.54)		0.65 (0.27-1.44)
Gender			0.3814		0.4598
Female	17	1		1
Male	61	1.51 (0.62-4.48)		1.45 (0.56-4.56)
Occult HBV infection			0.4661		0.4693
Absent	51	1		1
Present	27	1.32 (0.60-2.78)		1.33 (0.60-2.88)
Alcohol abuse			0.5064
Absent	59	1
Present	19	1.34 (0.52-3.02)
Diabetes mellitus			0.4775
Absent	51	1
Present	27	1.31 (0.60-2.76)
NASH			0.6755
Absent	70	1
Present	8	1.26 (0.37-3.27)
Obesity			0.6466
Absent	54	1
Present	24	1.20 (0.53-2.53)
Fibrosis			0.1392		0.2147
F0-2	44	1		1
F3,4	34	1.74 (0.84-3.73)		1.62 (0.75-3.58)
Vp			0.0806		0.1478
Absent	47	1		1
Present	31	1.92 (0.91-4.03)		2.00 (0.78-5.08)
T12/T34			0.0824		0.6238
T12	38	1		1
T34	40	1.92 (0.92-4.15)		0.72 (0.19-2.75)
Solitary/multiple			0.0173		0.0984
Solitary	47	1		1
Multiple	31	2.44 (1.17-5.19)		2.55 (0.84-7.96)

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; Vp: Portal vein invasion; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.