Immune mechanisms of vaccine induced protection against chronic hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees

Table 1 Summary of vaccine experiments in chimpanzees

	Vaccine				Challenge		Outcome
	Components	Adjuvant	Route	GT	Strain	Dose	# Sterile	# Chronic	# Resolved	#Total	%Chronic	Ref.
			(prime-boost)			(CID50)
Recombinant protein
	E1E2	MF59/MF57	i.m.	1a	HCV-1	10	5		2	7	0	[106]
	E1E2			1a	HCV-1			2	12	14	14	[107]
	E1	ALUM	i.m.	1b	HCV 1b J4	100			2	2	0	[109]
	E2deltaHVR-1	ALUM	i.m.	1b	HCV 1b J4	100		2		2	0	[109]
Recombinant protein-peptides
	E1, E2, HVRpeptides	(In)complete Freund's	s.c.	4	HCV#6	10			1	1	0	[108]
DNA
	E2	None		1a	1a	100			2	2	0	[110]
Virus like particle
	Core, E1, E2	AS01B	i.m.	1b	HCV CG 1b	100			4	4	0	[111]
DNA protein
	Core, E1, E2 and NS3	ALUM	i.m./i.d.-i.m.	1a/1b	HCV 1b J4	25		1	1	2	50	[112]
DNA-peptide protein
	E1/E2 + HVR peptides	ALUM/RIBI	i.m.	1a	H7	100		1		1	100	[113]
DNA prime-vaccinia boost
	NS3, NS5A, NS5B	CpG, rVV B7.1; ICAM-1; LFA-3	i.m./s.c.	1a	H77	100		1		1	100	[114]
DNA prime-MVA boost
	Core, E1, E2 and NS3	None	i.m./i.d.- i.m/i.d.	1b	HCV 1b J4	25		3	1	4	75	[115]
Replicating rVV
	Core, E1, E2, p7, NS2 and NS3	None	i.d.	1b	HCV 1b BK	2.5 and 24			4	4	0	[116]
DNA prime-adeno boost
	Core, E1, E2, NS3-NS5	With/without IL-12	i.m.-i.m.	1b	HCV 1b BK	100	1	4	1	6	67	[117]
	NS3-NS5B	None	i.m./i.m.	1b	H77	100		1	4	5	20	[118]
	NS3, NS4, NS5A, NS5B	Liposomes/pIL-12	iv-iv	1b	H77	100		2	2	4	50	[120,134]

i.m.: Intramuscular; iv: Intravenous; rVV: Recombinant vaccinia virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; IL-12: Interleukin 12; ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; LFA-3: Lymphocyte function associated antigen 3; HVR: Hypervariable region; s.c.: Subcutaneously; MVA: Modified vaccinia virus Ankara; GT: Genotype.