Yinchen Wuling San ameliorates high-fat diet-induced metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in rats by remodeling the gut microbiota

doi:10.4254/wjh.118607

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Hepatol. Jun 27, 2026; 18(6): 118607
Published online Jun 27, 2026. doi: 10.4254/wjh.118607

Table 1 Identification of blood components in Yinchen Wuling San via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (top 30)

English name	Formula	MZMED	RTMED	MZPPM	Adduct
L-histidine	C₆H₉N₃O₂	155.0700431	94.11205	6.874707376	[M]⁺
Diosmin	C₂₈H₃₂O₁₅	591.1671031	270.3345	6.287430271	[M-H₂O+H]⁺
Citronellyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₂O₂	237.1230112	95.1271	8.901819088	[M+K]⁺
Synephrine	C₉H₁₃NO₂	150.0910279	128.6115	2.005831636	[M-H₂O+H]⁺
3,5,5-trimethyl-4beta-hydroxy-4-[3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-1-butenyl]-2-cyclohexene-1-one	C₁₉H₃₀O₈	387.2001167	292.777	3.055977289	[M+H]⁺
4-methylcyclohexanol	C₇H₁₄O	115.1114776	698.5315	1.931686223	[M+H]⁺
Raffinose	C₁₈H₃₂O₁₆	543.1303366	99.9993	3.417948475	[M+K]⁺
5-[(Z)-14-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)tetradec-10-enyl]benzene-1,3-diol	C₂₆H₃₆O₄	430.2945952	419.392	1.544505078	[M+NH₄]⁺
3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate	C₃H₈NO₅P	170.0190785	71.55605	12.4780473	[M+H]⁺
Piscerythramine	C₂₆H₂₉NO₆	452.2095794	260.426	6.367520943	[M+H]⁺
Glutaric acid	C₅H₈O₄	153.0163698	105.836	3.627350757	[M+Na-2H]^-
2-hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methoxycarbonyl-phenoxy)-4-methyl-benzoic acid	C₁₇H₁₆O₈	348.0799644	368.895	14.51705114	[M]^-
Rosmarinic acid	C₁₈H₁₆O₈	419.0980201	286.017	0.710820202	[M+CH₃COO]^-
4-vinylphenol	C₈H₈O	118.0408611	264.935	13.16392975	[M-2H]^2-
9-hydroxy-1,2,11,15,15-pentamethyl-5-(4,5,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-6-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,7.05,7.011,16]octadecan-14-one	C₃₀H₅₀O₆	505.3555925	461.842	4.140567905	[M-H]^-
Butyl (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate [arabinosyl-(1->6)-glucoside]	C₁₉H₃₄O₁₂	453.1918418	288.4025	13.14703991	[M-H]^-
2-phenyllactic acid	C₉H₁₀O₃	165.0554395	309.942	1.687130633	[M-H]^-
4,8-dihydroxy-4a-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-one	C₁₄H₂₄O₃	239.1650858	358.499	0.895579869	[M-H]^-
2-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	C₁₄H₂₀O₈	315.1083127	207.883	0.911803197	[M-H]^-
Eucalyptin	C₁₉H₁₈O₅	325.1076596	398.125	1.662114327	[M-H]^-
Neotenone	C₁₉H₁₄O₆	337.0745352	364.9755	8.114509277	[M-H]^-
3-[3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-3H-2-benzofuran-1-one	C₁₈H₂₄O₈	367.1380078	299.96	5.153920718	[M-H]^-
1-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid + hydroxy (RP1)	C₁₃H₁₄N₂O₃	307.1265085	249.29	9.226811951	[M+CH₃COO+2H]⁺
Capillartemisin_B-2H (RP1)	C₁₉H₂₂O₄	353.1182522	383.275	9.302870377	[M+K]⁺
Ganoderic_acid_Mf-2H (RP1)	C₃₂H₄₆O₅	510.339525	450.301	10.77817249	[M]⁺
Camphor + hydroxy (RP2)	C₁₀H₁₆O₂	229.1410249	291.012	12.67707909	[M+CH₃COO+2H]⁺
Ephedroxane + hydroxy (RP1)	C₁₁H₁₃NO₃	230.0807749	297.288	8.39529186	[M+Na]⁺
Alnustone + hydroxy (RP1)	C₁₉H₁₈O₂	339.1562425	420.569	9.840014502	[M+CH₃COO+2H]⁺
N-feruloylputrescine + glucuronide (RP1)	C₂₀H₂₈N₂O₉	440.1843138	308.2965	12.1162193	[M]₊
Darutigenol + sulfate (RP1)	C₂₀H₃₄O₆S	805.4321369	419.14	11.97043215	[2M+H]⁺

Full Size Table

Table 2 Effects of Yinchen Wuling San on intestinal short-chain fatty acids in rats (n = 6), mean ± SD

Indicator (μg/g)	Control (n = 6)	Model (n = 6)	YCWLS (n = 6)	CBLT (n = 6)	F value	P value	Effect size(η²)
Acetic	1368.33 ± 182.89	1360.36 ± 408.36	1620.63 ± 230.69	1467.54 ± 465.96	0.749	0.536	0.10
Propionic	445.04 ± 66.09	451.29 ± 114.76	521.80 ± 78.19	475.62 ± 183.33	0.509	0.681	0.07
Isobutyric	67.17 ± 10.69	69.11 ± 13.82	79.71 ± 6.32	73.83 ± 30.12	0.599	0.623	0.08
Butyric	434.14 ± 104.89	423.88 ± 69.45	471.64 ± 99.79	316.71 ± 94.09	3.064	0.052	0.31
Isovaleric	49.32 ± 8.57	51.34 ± 12.01	59.52 ± 5.15	56.20 ± 28.81	0.478	0.701	0.07
Valeric	71.48 ± 10.88	63.45 ± 17.00	82.95 ± 12.28	70.42 ± 31.56	1.008	0.41	0.13
Caproic	13.19 ± 6.82	6.56 ± 8.74	5.73 ± 4.25	2.88 ± 3.81	2.937	0.058	0.31

YCWLS: Yinchen Wuling San; CBLT: Bifidobacterium quadruple live bacteria tablets.

Full Size Table

Citation: Zhang Y, Liu J, Huang AS, Wang YF, Cao J, Li ML, Shi DD, Hu YL, Deng Q, Long P, Ai BC. Yinchen Wuling San ameliorates high-fat diet-induced metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in rats by remodeling the gut microbiota. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(6): 118607
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v18/i6/118607.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.118607

Zhang Y, Liu J, Huang AS, Wang YF, Cao J, Li ML, Shi DD, Hu YL, Deng Q, Long P, Ai BC. Yinchen Wuling San ameliorates high-fat diet-induced metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in rats by remodeling the gut microbiota. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(6): 118607 [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.118607]

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